Methods and systems for the electrochemical up-cycling of polymers. A slurry including a mixture of solid plastics flows through an electrochemical cell, which, through an applied potential, the plastics are converted into pure hydrogen, fuels, gasolines, and oxygen hydrogenated compounds that can be used for the synthesis of advanced materials and/or for easier biochemical/thermal degradation. Such methods and systems enables converting plastic waste to into fuels, chemicals, and high value products.

Methods and systems for the electrochemical up-cycling of polymers. A slurry including a mixture of solid plastics flows through an electrochemical cell, which, through an applied potential, the plastics are converted into pure hydrogen, fuels, gasolines, and oxygen hydrogenated compounds that can be used for the synthesis of advanced materials and/or for easier biochemical/thermal degradation. Such methods and systems enables converting plastic waste to into fuels, chemicals, and high value products.

An electrochemical method for producing calcium hydroxide includes dissolving a calcium precursor in a first solution in contact with a first electrode to produce Ca.sup.2+ ions, transporting the Ca.sup.2+ ions across a first membrane from the first solution into a second solution using a first electrochemical potential, producing hydroxide ions at a second electrode, transporting the hydroxide ions across a second membrane into the second solution using a second electrochemical potential, and precipitating calcium hydroxide from the second solution.

An electrochemical method for producing calcium hydroxide includes dissolving a calcium precursor in a first solution in contact with a first electrode to produce Ca.sup.2+ ions, transporting the Ca.sup.2+ ions across a first membrane from the first solution into a second solution using a first electrochemical potential, producing hydroxide ions at a second electrode, transporting the hydroxide ions across a second membrane into the second solution using a second electrochemical potential, and precipitating calcium hydroxide from the second solution.

Described are electrochemical systems and methods for the generation of high purity hydride gases, e.g. for delivery to semiconductor fabrication reactors.

Described are electrochemical systems and methods for the generation of high purity hydride gases, e.g. for delivery to semiconductor fabrication reactors.

A thin film deposition system is disclosed in order to form a thin film on a substrate. The thin film deposition system comprises a hydrogen peroxide source. The hydrogen peroxide source comprises an electrochemical cell that converts a hydrogen gas to a hydrogen ion gas. The electrochemical cell converts an oxygen gas and water into a liquid phase complex. The liquid phase complex reacts with the hydrogen ion gas to form hydrogen peroxide.

An electrode catalyst is configured such that non-noble metal particles, noble metal particles or nitride-doped noble metal particles are supported on a carbon support, wherein the carbon support has a 2D planar crystal structure or a 3D polyhedral crystal structure and is doped with nitrogen, thereby exhibiting increased catalytic activity.

A process for the preparation of a catalytic material of an electrode for electrochemical reduction reactions, said material comprising an active phase based on at least one metal from group VIb and an electroconductive support, which process is carried out according to at least the following stages:

a stage of bringing said support into contact with at least one solution containing at least one precursor of at least one metal from group VIb;

a drying stage at a temperature of less than 250° C., without a subsequent calcination stage;

a stage of sulfurization at a temperature of between 100° C. and 600° C.

A process for the preparation of a catalytic material of an electrode for electrochemical reduction reactions, said material comprising an active phase based on at least one metal from group VIb and an electroconductive support, which process is carried out according to at least the following stages:

a stage of bringing said support into contact with at least one solution containing at least one precursor of at least one metal from group VIb;

a drying stage at a temperature of less than 250° C., without a subsequent calcination stage;

a stage of sulfurization at a temperature of between 100° C. and 600° C.