A method of ammonia synthesis is described that includes contacting a nitrogen gas-containing plasma with an aqueous solution, thereby forming ammonia from the nitrogen gas and water. The nitrogen gas-containing plasma is present in an electrochemical cell. The electrochemical cell includes a container including an acidic liquid electrolyte. The electrochemical cell also includes a source of nitrogen gas, a metal electrode at least partially immersed in the electrolyte, a metal tube electrode spaced apart from a surface of the electrolyte by a predetermined spacing. The electrochemical cell is configured to provide a plasma spanning the predetermined space from the metal tube electrode to contact the surface of the electrolyte when power is applied to the metal tube electrode.

A method of ammonia synthesis is described that includes contacting a nitrogen gas-containing plasma with an aqueous solution, thereby forming ammonia from the nitrogen gas and water. The nitrogen gas-containing plasma is present in an electrochemical cell. The electrochemical cell includes a container including an acidic liquid electrolyte. The electrochemical cell also includes a source of nitrogen gas, a metal electrode at least partially immersed in the electrolyte, a metal tube electrode spaced apart from a surface of the electrolyte by a predetermined spacing. The electrochemical cell is configured to provide a plasma spanning the predetermined space from the metal tube electrode to contact the surface of the electrolyte when power is applied to the metal tube electrode.

The present disclosure relates to a system for generating hydrogen (H.sub.2) from an aldehyde, where the system comprises an anode comprising a metal-based alloy catalyst, a cathode comprising Ni.sub.2P or Pt/C, and a separator positioned between the anode and the cathode. Also disclosed is a method of producing hydrogen (H.sub.2). This method involves providing a system described herein and adding an aldehyde to the system under conditions effective to produce hydrogen (H.sub.2) from electrocatalytic oxidative dehydrogenation of the aldehyde at the anode and water reduction at the cathode.

The present disclosure relates to a system for generating hydrogen (H.sub.2) from an aldehyde, where the system comprises an anode comprising a metal-based alloy catalyst, a cathode comprising Ni.sub.2P or Pt/C, and a separator positioned between the anode and the cathode. Also disclosed is a method of producing hydrogen (H.sub.2). This method involves providing a system described herein and adding an aldehyde to the system under conditions effective to produce hydrogen (H.sub.2) from electrocatalytic oxidative dehydrogenation of the aldehyde at the anode and water reduction at the cathode.

A process and system for synthesis of ammonia includes an electrochemical main cell and an electrochemical preliminary cell upstream of the main cell. A voltage is applied between the anode and cathode of the preliminary cell and the main cell. The anodic half-cell of the preliminary cell is supplied with water, and the cathodic half-cell of the preliminary cell with nitrogen and oxygen. Oxygen is in the anodic half-cell of the preliminary cell, and nitrogen and water are in the cathodic half-cell of the preliminary cell. The anodic half-cell of the main cell is supplied with water, and the cathodic half-cell of the main cell with nitrogen that has been obtained in the cathodic half-cell of the preliminary cell. Oxygen is in the anodic half-cell of the main cell, and ammonia in the cathodic half-cell of the main cell.

A process and system for synthesis of ammonia includes an electrochemical main cell and an electrochemical preliminary cell upstream of the main cell. A voltage is applied between the anode and cathode of the preliminary cell and the main cell. The anodic half-cell of the preliminary cell is supplied with water, and the cathodic half-cell of the preliminary cell with nitrogen and oxygen. Oxygen is in the anodic half-cell of the preliminary cell, and nitrogen and water are in the cathodic half-cell of the preliminary cell. The anodic half-cell of the main cell is supplied with water, and the cathodic half-cell of the main cell with nitrogen that has been obtained in the cathodic half-cell of the preliminary cell. Oxygen is in the anodic half-cell of the main cell, and ammonia in the cathodic half-cell of the main cell.

The present application discloses a photoelectrode and a preparation method therefor, and a Pt-based alloy catalyst and a preparation method therefor. The method for preparing the Pt-based nano-alloy catalyst includes: placing a photoelectrode in an electrolytic cell with at least one light-transmitting surface and including an electrolyte; using a light source to irradiate a surface of the photoelectrode from the light-transmitting surface of the electrolytic cell, where the photoelectrode includes an active metal layer, a passivation layer, a semiconductor light absorption layer, a rear conductive layer, and an insulating protective layer that are sequentially stacked along the light incident direction; based on an electrochemical workstation and light irradiation, using a Pt electrode and a reference electrode to match the photoelectrode to electrochemically treat the surface of the photoelectrode; and cleaning the electrochemically-treated photoelectrode to obtain the Pt-based nano-alloy catalyst and a photoelectrode modified by the Pt-based nano-alloy catalyst.

An electrode for use in instruments capable of measuring the electrophoretic mobility of particles in solution is disclosed. The electrode is comprised of an inexpensive support member, generally made of titanium, onto a flat surface of which has been connected, generally by microwelding, a flat electrically conductive but chemically inert foil member, preferably platinum. A uniform texture can be generated on the exposed surfaces of the electrode by various means including tumbling the electrode with an abrasive. An oxide layer can be generated on the support member by soaking the composite electrode in an appropriate medium, protecting the exposed surface of the support member from fluid contact with the sample solution, while the foil member, unaffected by the oxidation process, is able to contact the sample solution.

An electrode for use in instruments capable of measuring the electrophoretic mobility of particles in solution is disclosed. The electrode is comprised of an inexpensive support member, generally made of titanium, onto a flat surface of which has been connected, generally by microwelding, a flat electrically conductive but chemically inert foil member, preferably platinum. A uniform texture can be generated on the exposed surfaces of the electrode by various means including tumbling the electrode with an abrasive. An oxide layer can be generated on the support member by soaking the composite electrode in an appropriate medium, protecting the exposed surface of the support member from fluid contact with the sample solution, while the foil member, unaffected by the oxidation process, is able to contact the sample solution.

The present application relates to water electrolyzers, including water electrolyzers incorporating anion exchange membranes. The present applications also relates to materials incorporated into water electrolyzers and approaches for manufacturing water electrolyzers, as well as methods of using water electrolyzers.