-- An electrolysis cell unit capable of efficiently electrolyzing water and carbon dioxide is obtained. An electrolysis cell unit includes at least an electrolysis cell in which an electrode layer and a counter electrode layer are formed with an electrolyte layer interposed therebetween and a discharge path for discharging hydrogen generated in the electrode layer, in which the electrolysis cell being formed in a thin layer on a support and a reverse water-gas shift reaction unit that generates carbon monoxide using carbon dioxide and the hydrogen by a reverse water-gas shift reaction being provided in at least a portion of the discharge path.--

The present disclosure provides for a composition that includes a modified M/TiO.sub.2 composite, method of making the modified M/TiO.sub.2 composite, an electrode having modified M/TiO.sub.2 composite surface and a photoelectrochemical cell including the electrode, and methods of photoelectrochemical oxidation of water. The modified M/TiO.sub.2 composite can be used in an electrode configuration, for example, in a photoelectrochemical cell for the photoelectrochemical oxidation of water. The present disclosure provides for a modified M/TiO.sub.2 composite that has a catechol compound(s) (e.g., oligo-catechol) adsorbed onto at least the M (metal) on the surface of the modified M/TiO.sub.2 composite.

The present disclosure provides for a composition that includes a modified M/TiO.sub.2 composite, method of making the modified M/TiO.sub.2 composite, an electrode having modified M/TiO.sub.2 composite surface and a photoelectrochemical cell including the electrode, and methods of photoelectrochemical oxidation of water. The modified M/TiO.sub.2 composite can be used in an electrode configuration, for example, in a photoelectrochemical cell for the photoelectrochemical oxidation of water. The present disclosure provides for a modified M/TiO.sub.2 composite that has a catechol compound(s) (e.g., oligo-catechol) adsorbed onto at least the M (metal) on the surface of the modified M/TiO.sub.2 composite.

A method includes collecting exhaust gas comprising carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) at a wellsite to provide a collected exhaust gas, separating CO.sub.2 from the collected exhaust gas to provide a separated CO.sub.2, and forming urea utilizing at least a portion of the separated CO.sub.2. A system for carrying out the method is also provided.

A method includes collecting exhaust gas comprising carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) at a wellsite to provide a collected exhaust gas, separating CO.sub.2 from the collected exhaust gas to provide a separated CO.sub.2, and forming urea utilizing at least a portion of the separated CO.sub.2. A system for carrying out the method is also provided.

Methods of processing magnesium silicate materials are described to produce a number of products including magnesium hydroxide. Related methods of use of processed magnesium silicate and other reaction products are described for energy production, cement manufacture and carbon sequestration. In one embodiment the method comprises subjecting a magnesium silicate source to an acid digestion; increasing the digested liquid pH to produce a magnesium salt solution; subjecting the magnesium salt solution to electrolysis; and recovering magnesium hydroxide produced from electrolysis. By-products such as silica, iron oxy(oxides) and others are also described along with further reaction products such as magnesium oxide and magnesium carbonate.

A copper nanocatalyst, a method for preparing the copper nanocatalyst, and an application of the copper nanocatalyst in the synthesis of acetate or ammonia are provided. The copper nanocatalyst includes a substrate and an active agent loaded on the substrate. The method includes: preparing a cleaning agent by using an ethanol and a deionized; immersing the active agent in the cleaning agent, ultrasonically cleaning for 5-10 min at a frequency of 4×10.sup.4 Hz-8×10.sup.4 Hz, and drying for later use; mixing the cleaned active agent and a conductive binder according to a mass ratio of 1:19-9:1 of the active agent to the conductive binder, adding the ethanol, and fully stirring and dispersing to obtain a slurry; coating the slurry on a surface of the carbon paper, and drying the carbon paper by blowing through nitrogen flow to obtain the catalyst.

A copper nanocatalyst, a method for preparing the copper nanocatalyst, and an application of the copper nanocatalyst in the synthesis of acetate or ammonia are provided. The copper nanocatalyst includes a substrate and an active agent loaded on the substrate. The method includes: preparing a cleaning agent by using an ethanol and a deionized; immersing the active agent in the cleaning agent, ultrasonically cleaning for 5-10 min at a frequency of 4×10.sup.4 Hz-8×10.sup.4 Hz, and drying for later use; mixing the cleaned active agent and a conductive binder according to a mass ratio of 1:19-9:1 of the active agent to the conductive binder, adding the ethanol, and fully stirring and dispersing to obtain a slurry; coating the slurry on a surface of the carbon paper, and drying the carbon paper by blowing through nitrogen flow to obtain the catalyst.

An electrode catalyst layer for electrochemical cells includes a first catalyst layer and a second catalyst layer. The first catalyst layer has a cell resistance measured at 80° C. and 40% RH lower than that of the second catalyst layer. The electrode catalyst layer for electrochemical cells is used with the first catalyst layer being disposed on an electrolyte membrane side relative to the second catalyst layer. It is preferable that a first catalytically active component contained in the first catalyst layer and a second catalytically active component contained in the second catalyst layer each independently contain at least one element selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, ruthenium, and iridium.

Electrochemical systems and methods for cleaving C—C bonds are disclosed. In performing the method, a reactant adsorption electrical potential, a C—C bond breaking electrical potential, and a desorption electrical potential are sequentially applied to an electrode pair contacting a composition initially containing a target chemical reactant, such as a polymer or alkane. As a result of performing the method, one or more desired chemical products, such as smaller alkane-containing molecules, are released from the electrode into the region between the electrode pairs. The method may be performed at ambient temperatures using renewable electricity.