The present disclosure provides a quantum-dot ligand, a quantum-dot catalyst and a quantum-dot device. The quantum-dot ligand includes: a first ligand having a first group and a second group and a second ligand having an inorganic ion, in which a coordination bond is formed between the first group and a surface of a quantum dot, a hydrogen bond is formed between the second group and a hydroxyl group; and a coordination bond is formed between the inorganic ion and the surface of the quantum dot. The quantum-dot catalyst of the present disclosure can enhance a catalytic activity of the quantum dots and improve the catalytic performance.

The present application relates to a method for manufacturing a photoelectrode, the method comprising steps of impregnating a first transition metal oxide capable of performing photoreaction in an electrolyte, applying a voltage onto the electrolyte to generate an electrochemical oxidation reaction on the surface of the first transition metal oxide, and forming a second transition metal oxide thin film on the surface of the first transition metal oxide by irradiating light onto the first transition metal oxide at the same time as the step of applying the voltage.

The invention pertains to a method for efficiently spitting water into hydrogen and oxygen using a nanocomposite that includes ((BiVO.sub.4).sub.x—(TiO.sub.2).sub.1-x, wherein x ranges from 0.08 to 0.12, and optionally silver nanoparticles; methods for making a nanocomposite used in this method by a simple solvothermal method; and to photoanodes and photoelectrochemical cells and devices containing the nanocomposites.

The invention pertains to a method for efficiently spitting water into hydrogen and oxygen using a nanocomposite that includes ((BiVO.sub.4).sub.x—(TiO.sub.2).sub.1-x, wherein x ranges from 0.08 to 0.12, and optionally silver nanoparticles; methods for making a nanocomposite used in this method by a simple solvothermal method; and to photoanodes and photoelectrochemical cells and devices containing the nanocomposites.

A CaTiO.sub.3—TiO.sub.2 composite electrode and method of making is described. The composite electrode comprises a substrate with an average 2-12 μm thick layer of CaTiO.sub.3—TiO.sub.2 composite particles having average diameters of 0.2-2.2 μm. The method of making the composite electrode involves contacting the substrate with an aerosol comprising a solvent, a calcium complex, and a titanium complex. The CaTiO.sub.3—TiO.sub.2 composite electrode is capable of being used in a photoelectrochemical cell for water splitting.

A CaTiO.sub.3—TiO.sub.2 composite electrode and method of making is described. The composite electrode comprises a substrate with an average 2-12 μm thick layer of CaTiO.sub.3—TiO.sub.2 composite particles having average diameters of 0.2-2.2 μm. The method of making the composite electrode involves contacting the substrate with an aerosol comprising a solvent, a calcium complex, and a titanium complex. The CaTiO.sub.3—TiO.sub.2 composite electrode is capable of being used in a photoelectrochemical cell for water splitting.

An electrochemical electrode according to the present invention may prevent agglomeration and desorption of a catalyst even when a catalyst in a particle form is used, because a protective layer containing hydrogel is used, such that stability may be secured, thereby implementing an electrode having a long duration.

An electrochemical electrode according to the present invention may prevent agglomeration and desorption of a catalyst even when a catalyst in a particle form is used, because a protective layer containing hydrogel is used, such that stability may be secured, thereby implementing an electrode having a long duration.

Disclosed are a photoelectrochemical electrode and a method of manufacturing the same, which enable mass production at low cost. The photoelectrochemical electrode manufactured by forming a transition metal dichalcogenide layer on all or part of the surface of a porous substrate includes a porous substrate and a metal dichalcogenide layer on all or part of the surface of the porous substrate, thus improving photoelectrode characteristics and photocatalytic efficiency.

A method for preparing bismuth oxide nanowire films by heating in an upside down position includes: washing a substrate, and fixing the substrate to a substrate support in a magnetron sputtering system in a position where an electrically conductive surface of the substrate faces downwards; placing a bismuth target, which is adhered to a copper backing plate, on a sputtering head in the magnetron sputtering system; performing direct current magnetron sputtering to form a bismuth film on the electrically conductive surface of the substrate; and regulating a heating temperature to maintain the bismuth film in a semi-molten state, and providing a predetermined oxygen gas concentration to form the bismuth oxide nanowire film.