The present application discloses a photoelectrode and a preparation method therefor, and a Pt-based alloy catalyst and a preparation method therefor. The method for preparing the Pt-based nano-alloy catalyst includes: placing a photoelectrode in an electrolytic cell with at least one light-transmitting surface and including an electrolyte; using a light source to irradiate a surface of the photoelectrode from the light-transmitting surface of the electrolytic cell, where the photoelectrode includes an active metal layer, a passivation layer, a semiconductor light absorption layer, a rear conductive layer, and an insulating protective layer that are sequentially stacked along the light incident direction; based on an electrochemical workstation and light irradiation, using a Pt electrode and a reference electrode to match the photoelectrode to electrochemically treat the surface of the photoelectrode; and cleaning the electrochemically-treated photoelectrode to obtain the Pt-based nano-alloy catalyst and a photoelectrode modified by the Pt-based nano-alloy catalyst.

The present invention relates to a process for the production of metal alloy nanoparticles which catalyse the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for use in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) or electrolyser cells. In particular, the present invention relates to a process for producing alloy nanoparticles from platinum group metals and other metals under reductive conditions. In particular the present invention relates to a process for producing alloy nanoparticles comprising the steps of mixing a salt of at least one metal, a material comprising a platinum group metal, a nitrogen-rich compound, and optionally a support material, to provide a precursor mixture, and heating said precursor mixture to a temperature of at least 400° C., in the presence of a gas comprising hydrogen (H.sub.2), to provide said alloy nanoparticles.

The present invention relates to a process for the production of metal alloy nanoparticles which catalyse the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for use in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) or electrolyser cells. In particular, the present invention relates to a process for producing alloy nanoparticles from platinum group metals and other metals under reductive conditions. In particular the present invention relates to a process for producing alloy nanoparticles comprising the steps of mixing a salt of at least one metal, a material comprising a platinum group metal, a nitrogen-rich compound, and optionally a support material, to provide a precursor mixture, and heating said precursor mixture to a temperature of at least 400° C., in the presence of a gas comprising hydrogen (H.sub.2), to provide said alloy nanoparticles.

A single-atom catalyst for use in a water splitting process includes at least one support material and at least one metal catalyst deposited on the surface of the at least one support material. The at least one support material is made of tungsten carbide obtained from a tungstate-metal-aryl compound precursor, and the at least one metal catalyst is selected from a group including Fe, Ni, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, V, Ru, Ir, Ca, Pd, Pt or combinations thereof.

The invention relates to a method for producing a catalyst-coated polymer membrane for an electrolyser and/or a fuel cell. In a first step, the method preferably comprises the provision of a glass-ceramic substrate. A mesoporous catalyst layer is then preferably synthesized on the glass-ceramic substrate. In a next step, a polymer membrane is preferably pressed onto the glass-ceramic substrate coated with the catalyst layer at a first temperature T.sub.1. This results in a sandwich structure. In a final process step, the sandwich structure is separated, the catalyst layer being separated from the glass-ceramic substrate and adhering to the polymer membrane.

In addition, the invention relates to a polymer membrane which has been produced by the process of the type mentioned at the outset, and to an electrolyser or a fuel cell having such a polymer membrane.

This disclosure relates to polymer electrolyte membranes, and in particular, to a composite membrane having at least two reinforcing layers comprising a microporous polymer structure and a surprisingly high resistance to piercing. This disclosure also relates to composite membrane-assemblies and electrochemical devices comprising the composite membranes of the disclosure, and to methods of manufacture of the composite membranes.

This disclosure relates to polymer electrolyte membranes, and in particular, to a composite membrane having at least two reinforcing layers comprising a microporous polymer structure and a surprisingly high resistance to piercing. This disclosure also relates to composite membrane-assemblies and electrochemical devices comprising the composite membranes of the disclosure, and to methods of manufacture of the composite membranes.

The invention provides, in some aspects, methods for fabricating an electrode comprising a nickel/molybdenum (NiMo) hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst on a carbon support, e.g., for use as a cathode in an electrolyzer. A catalyst of the type described above can be prepared by co-precipitation of nickel and molybdenum oxide species on the carbon support followed by its reduction through heat treatment in the presence of nitrogen. Such a catalyst can alternatively be prepared through the thermal degradation of metal-organic complexes of nickel and molybdenum in the presence of the carbon support. Further aspects of the invention comprise a cathode, e.g., for an anion exchange membrane electrolyzer, comprising a nickel/molybdenum hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst as described above. Still further aspects of the invention comprise an anion exchange membrane electrolyzer with a cathode as described above.

The invention provides, in some aspects, methods for fabricating an electrode comprising a nickel/molybdenum (NiMo) hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst on a carbon support, e.g., for use as a cathode in an electrolyzer. A catalyst of the type described above can be prepared by co-precipitation of nickel and molybdenum oxide species on the carbon support followed by its reduction through heat treatment in the presence of nitrogen. Such a catalyst can alternatively be prepared through the thermal degradation of metal-organic complexes of nickel and molybdenum in the presence of the carbon support. Further aspects of the invention comprise a cathode, e.g., for an anion exchange membrane electrolyzer, comprising a nickel/molybdenum hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst as described above. Still further aspects of the invention comprise an anion exchange membrane electrolyzer with a cathode as described above.

An electrochemical hybrid catalyst has a structure in which a nitrogen-doped carbon nanostructure (N—C) composite is loaded or decorated with two single atom transition metals indirectly linked adjacent to each other, and thus exhibits high carbon monoxide selectivity and current density at a low overpotential during reduction reaction for converting carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide, and a carbon dioxide conversion system uses the same.