A system and a method are provided for making hypochlorous acid using saltwater with sodium bicarbonate. The system includes an electrolytic cell, a quantity of saltwater solution, and a quantity of sodium bicarbonate. The quantity of saltwater solution is poured into the electrolytic cell and then undergoes an electrolytic process. As a result of the quantity of saltwater solution going through the electrolytic process, a hypochlorous acid solution is yielded. In order to ensure a pure hypochlorous acid solution is formed, the quantity of sodium bicarbonate can be added into the electrolytic cell along with the quantity of saltwater solution before the electrolytic process or the quantity of sodium bicarbonate can be added into the hypochlorous acid solution after the hypochlorous acid solution is yielded. This process adjusts the pH level of the hypochlorous acid solution, and thus, produces a purer hypochlorous acid solution.

There are provided system for preparing lithium hydroxide from an aqueous composition comprising a lithium compound and use of the system thereof to prepare lithium hydroxide, the system comprising an electrochemical cell, a pH probe and at least one inlet for receiving acid or base for maintaining pH. For example, the lithium compound can be lithium sulphate and the aqueous composition can be at least substantially maintained at a pH having a value of about 2 to about 4.

An electrochemical apparatus for the production of a disinfectant from sodium chloride solution.

An electrochemical apparatus for the production of a disinfectant from sodium chloride solution.

Method for electrolysis, wherein H2O is brought into contact with an anode, and a catholyte is brought into contact with a cathode, wherein the catholyte contains an auxiliary, wherein an electrical voltage is applied between the anode and the cathode such that oxygen is formed at the anode and the auxiliary is reduced at the cathode, and wherein protons and the reduced auxiliary are brought into contact with a catalyst such that the reduced auxiliary is oxidized and hydrogen is formed from the protons. By means of the auxiliary, the electrolysis can be carried out under low pressure, and hydrogen can still be obtained at high pressure. This facilitates the construction of the electrolytic cell and prevents an efficiency-reducing gas cross-permeation.

Method for electrolysis, wherein H2O is brought into contact with an anode, and a catholyte is brought into contact with a cathode, wherein the catholyte contains an auxiliary, wherein an electrical voltage is applied between the anode and the cathode such that oxygen is formed at the anode and the auxiliary is reduced at the cathode, and wherein protons and the reduced auxiliary are brought into contact with a catalyst such that the reduced auxiliary is oxidized and hydrogen is formed from the protons. By means of the auxiliary, the electrolysis can be carried out under low pressure, and hydrogen can still be obtained at high pressure. This facilitates the construction of the electrolytic cell and prevents an efficiency-reducing gas cross-permeation.

An apparatus assembly and method for the electrolytic production of a hypochlorous (HOCl) acid solution are disclosed. A first controlled amount of water, such as tap water, a second controlled amount of an acidic solution (acetic acid or CH.sub.3COOH), and a third controlled amount of a sodium chloride (NaCl) solution, preferably from a brine solution, are mixed by injecting the same in a reaction loop comprising an electrolytic reactor configured to electrolyze the mixture into the HOCl solution. Preferably, the electrolytic reactor comprises DSA (dimensionally stable anodes). The mixture is circulated in the reaction loop until the HOCl solution is formed. The assembly can be monitored in real-time and remotely for quality control. The disinfecting solution as produced comprises 330-460 ppm HOCl at a pH between 5 and 6, preferably at a pH of 5.5, the solution being stable at least up to 6 months after being produced.

A carbon dioxide electrolytic device includes: a carbon dioxide electrolysis cell having a cathode and an anode flow path, a cathode, an anode, and a first diaphragm; a first current regulator to supply a first current; a first gas/liquid separator to separate a first fluid from the anode flow path into a first liquid and gas; an electrodialysis cell having, first and second electrodes, first to fourth rooms, and second to fourth diaphragms; a second current regulator to supply a second current; at least one detector out of a first detector to detect a flow rate of the first gas or a concentration of carbon dioxide in the first gas, and a second detector to detect a pH or a concentration of at least one ion in the first fluid; and a first controller to regulate a second current, in accordance with at least one detection signal.

A method for making an aqueous hypochlorous acid (HClO) solution includes electrolyzing a solution of sodium chloride to produce a solution of sodium hypochlorite; and producing the aqueous hypochlorous acid solution by adjusting a pH of the solution of sodium hypochlorite to a value within a range of 3 to 8 by adding a selected weak acid to the solution of sodium hypochlorite to produce a buffer including the selected weak acid and a salt of the selected weak acid.

A carbon dioxide treatment apparatus, a carbon dioxide treatment method, and a method for producing a carbon compound that have high energy efficiency in recovery and reduction of carbon dioxide and are highly effective in reducing loss of carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide treatment apparatus (100) includes a recovery device (1) configured to recover carbon dioxide, an electrochemical reaction device (2) configured to electrochemically reduce carbon dioxide, and a pH adjuster (52), wherein pH of a cathode side electrolytic solution is higher than that of an anode side electrolytic solution, carbon dioxide gas is supplied from a concentration part 11 to a gas flow path on a side of a cathode (21) opposite to an anode (22), and the carbon dioxide gas is reduced at the cathode (21).