According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an aluminum product. The Aluminum product may comprise an aluminum substrate configured to include a pattern and a white aluminum fluoride (AlF.sub.3) film on a surface thereof; and an anodized film configured to be disposed adjacent to the white aluminum fluoride (AlF3) film and include a plurality of pores.

Anodic oxide coatings that provide corrosion resistance to parts having protruding features, such as edges, corners and convex-shaped features, are described. According to some embodiments, the anodic oxide coatings include an inner porous layer and an outer porous layer. The inner layer is adjacent to an underlying metal substrate and is formed under compressive stress anodizing conditions that allow the inner porous layer to be formed generally crack-free. In this way, the inner porous layer acts as a barrier that prevents water or other corrosion-inducing agents from reaching the underlying metal substrate. The outer porous layer can be thicker and harder than the inner porous layer, thereby increasing the overall hardness of the anodic oxide coating.

The embodiments described herein relate to anodic oxides and methods for forming anodic oxides. The methods involve incorporating an ultraviolet (UV) light absorbing compounds into anodic oxides to prevent color fading of the anodic oxides caused by exposure to UV light. In some embodiments, the UV light absorbing compound includes para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). The UV light absorbing compound can be incorporated within the anodic oxide during a sealing process. The UV light absorbing compound becomes infused within a seal layer, which is formed during the sealing process. The resultant anodic oxide has a UV light absorbing seal layer that can block UV light from reaching any underlying colorant existing within the anodic oxide.

A laminate including a metal substrate having a chemically etched surface and a fluoroelastomer layer laminated in contact with the chemically etched surface or laminated in contact with a surface of a fluororesin layer laminated in contact with the chemically etched surface, and a gate seal including the laminate, are provided.

This application relates to a method for forming an enclosure for a portable electronic device, the enclosure including a metal substrate that is overlaid by an anodized layer. The method includes dyeing the anodized layer by exposing pores of the anodized layer to a dye. The method further includes sealing the dye within the pores by exposing the anodized layer to a zinc-based sealing solution, where an external surface of the anodized layer having the pores that are sealed includes an amount of zinc between about 3 wt % to about 6 wt %.

A lead member includes: a lead conductor having a first main surface and a second main surface that is an opposite side of the first main surface; and a resin portion, while exposing both end portions of the lead conductor in a first direction, covering the first main surface, the second main surface, and both side surfaces between the both end portions of the lead conductor, wherein the lead conductor includes a metal substrate, and a colored layer formed on at least a portion of a surface of the metal substrate, wherein in an entire wavelength band of 220 nm or more and 850 nm or less, when a total reflectance of barium sulfate is defined as 1.0, a regular reflectance of the colored layer is 0.3 or less.

Provided are: a support frame for pellicle that has both low dust generation property and high light resistance, and further has an ion elution amount which is reduced to the utmost limit to an extent that haze is not generated even when a short wavelength laser is used for exposure light source, a pellicle using the support frame for pellicle, and a method for efficiently manufacturing the support frame for pellicle, support frame for pellicle which comprises a frame member comprising aluminum or aluminum alloy and an inorganic coating layer formed on the surface of the frame member, wherein the main chain of the inorganic coating layer is constituted by a —Si—O—Si—O— bond. An anodized film is preferably formed between the frame member and the inorganic coating layer.

Colored oxide coatings having multiple oxide layers are described. Processes for forming the multilayer oxide coating can include converting a portion of a metal substrate to a primary oxide layer, coloring the primary oxide layer, and depositing a secondary oxide layer on the primary oxide layer. The primary oxide layer and the secondary oxide layer can be at least partially transparent such that a texture of an underlying metal substrate surface is visible through the multilayer oxide coating. A top surface of the secondary oxide layer can be polished to a high gloss to give the multilayer oxide coating an appearance of depth.

A discrete metallic particle having a metallic material, and a coating covering at least a portion of the metallic component. The discrete metallic particle has a thickness from 50 nm to 1000 nm, and the discrete metallic particle has a skin depth δ of greater than or equal to 1.0 μm in a frequency range from 20-40 GHz. The skin depth δ is calculated by: $\delta =\sqrt{\frac{2\rho }{\left(2\pi f\right)\left({\mu }_0{\mu }_r\right)}}\approx 503\sqrt{\frac{\rho }{{\mu }_{r}f}}$
Where δ is skin depth in meters (m); ρ is resistivity in ohm meter (Ω.Math.m); f is frequency of an electromagnetic radiation in hertz (Hz); μ.sub.0 is permeability; and μ.sub.r is relative permeability of the metallic material.

In a method for producing a power converter, a surface or at least part of the surface of at least two aluminum busbars is subjected to an anodizing treatment to color the surface with at least one specifiable color, and a cold gas coating is applied on a first part of the surface to produce a contact surface.