An electrolyzer device comprises a container configured to receive liquid to be electrolyzed; a separator arranged in the container so as to define a first chamber and a second chamber positioned lower in a vertical direction than the first chamber; a cathode arranged in the first chamber and operatively connected to a power supply; and an anode arranged in the second chamber and operatively connected to the power supply.

A nitrate-reducing electrode, and methods of making the nitrate-reducing electrode are disclosed. The nitrate reducing electrode includes catalyst particulates disposed on water permeable substrates with the use of electrodeposition, electroless deposition, electrospinning, or thermal treatment. The catalyst particles include metals and metal oxides. The water permeable substrates are preferably made of carbonaceous materials using electrospinning and thermal treatment.

Provided are methods for recovering calcium carbonate (CaCO.sub.3) and magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH).sub.2) from an aqueous solution containing Ca.sup.2+ and Mg.sup.2+ ions. The method includes: introducing the aqueous solution into an electrochemical cell having a chamber with a photoactive cathode and an anode therein; and then performing process (a) and process (b). Process (a) entails introducing a source of (bi) carbonate anion into the cell, providing a voltage across the cell, resulting in a process (a) water reduction reaction at the cathode, and precipitating solid CaCO.sub.3 from the solution, facilitated by hydroxide ions generated from the process (a) water reduction reaction. Process (b) entails providing a voltage across the cell, resulting in a process (b) water reduction reaction at the cathode, and precipitating solid Mg(OH).sub.2 from the solution, facilitated by hydroxide ions generated from the process (b) water reduction reaction.

Illustrative configurations of a pet hydration system and methods are disclosed. The pet hydration system includes a bowl section configured to temporarily store water therein. In one configuration, a hydrogen-generation assembly is positioned in the bowl section. The hydrogen-generation assembly generates and introduces hydrogen into the water temporarily stored in the bowl section. In other configurations, methods related to pet hydration are also disclosed.

An electrolytic liquid generation device includes a stacked body in which a conductive membrane is interposed between a cathode and an anode constituting electrodes, an electrolytic part that electrolyzes a liquid, and a housing in which the electrolytic part is disposed. The housing includes a flow path in which a liquid flowing direction intersects a stacking direction of the stacked body. The electrolytic part includes a slot open to the flow path in which a part of the interface between the conductive membrane and the electrode is exposed. In the housing, a positioning member is disposed, and the positioning member positions the electrode.

Proposed are an ozone generating electrode, a method of manufacturing the same, and a method of producing ozone using the same. The ozone generating electrode includes a support including a metal, a catalyst layer positioned on one surface or both surfaces of the support, and a coating layer positioned on the catalyst layer and including a metal oxide. The ozone generating electrode is energy efficient, stable, and provides a high concentration of ozone to a water system. In addition, when water treatment is performed with the ozone generating electrode of the present invention, it is possible to more effectively decompose pollutants during water treatment and to reduce the electrode replacement cycle, thereby reducing water treatment operation time and cost.

Electrolytic liquid generation device includes stacked body in which conductive membrane is interposed between cathode and anode constituting electrodes, electrolytic part that electrolyzes a liquid, and housing in which electrolytic part is disposed. Housing includes flow path in which a liquid flowing direction intersects a stacking direction of stacked body. Electrolytic part includes slot open to flow path in which a part of interface between conductive membrane and the electrode is exposed. In housing, positioning member is disposed, and positioning member positions the electrode. This configuration provides electrolytic liquid generation device in which an electrode can be downsized and the electrode can be positioned in housing.

The polarization and turbulent water ionizer intended for white goods and sanitary appliances comprising a hollow body with a system of through-flow openings for inlet and outlet of water fitted with systems of electrodes arranged inside in an alternating manner, made of differently conductive materials and stabilized within spacers is further resolved in a manner where the cylindrical or flat electrodes (1) of the anode and of the electrodes (2) of the cathode have turbulent openings (3) and/or deflected turbulent fans (4), where the hollow body (5) is fitted with a shield (6) protecting against electromagnetic field. In one embodiment the axes of the cylindrical electrodes (1) of the anode and of the electrodes (2) of the cathode are arranged inside the hollow body (5) and oriented perpendicularly to the through-flow openings (7). In the other case, the axes of the flat electrodes (1) of the anode and of the electrodes (2) of the cathode are arranged inside the hollow body (5) and oriented axially with reference to the through-flow openings (7). The shield (6) protecting against electromagnetic field applied on the inner side of the hollow body (5) refers to a metallic grid/gauze and/or a metallic plate.

An electrolytic liquid production device includes: an electrolyzer configured to perform electrolytic treatment to a liquid; an elastic body configured to press the electrolyzer; and a housing having the electrolyzer and the elastic body disposed inside the housing. The housing has an inlet port that the liquid supplied to the electrolyzer flows into, and an outlet port that an electrolytic liquid produced in the electrolyzer flows out from. The elastic body includes a positioning depressed portion, and the housing includes a positioning protruding portion. The elastic body is positioned with respect to the housing by inserting the positioning protruding portion of the housing into the positioning depressed portion of the elastic body.

A biocide-generating device including a housing having an inlet and an outlet. The biocide-generating device additionally including a strainer basket that mounts within an interior of the housing including parallel electrode plates positioned within an interior of the strainer basket. The biocide generating device additionally including a protective dielectric sleeve in which the electrode plates are received. The protective dielectric sleeve is positioned between the electrode plates and the strainer basket.