A cubic boron nitride (cBN)-based composite including about 30-65 vol. % cBN, about 15-45 vol. % titanium (Ti)-containing binders, about 2-20 vol. % zirconium dioxide (ZrO.sub.2), about 3-15 vol. % cobalt-tungsten-borides (Co.sub.xW.sub.yB.sub.z), and about 2-15 vol. % aluminum oxide (Al.sub.2O.sub.3).

The cubic boron nitride sintered material is a cubic boron nitride sintered material comprising: cubic boron nitride particles in an amount of 70 vol % or more and less than 100 vol %, and a bonding material, wherein the bonding material includes an aluminum compound, and includes cobalt as a constituent element; the cubic boron nitride sintered material has a first region in which a space between adjacent cubic boron nitride particles is 0.1 nm or more and 10 nm or less; and when the first region is analyzed by using an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer equipped with a transmission electron microscope, the atom % of aluminum in the first region is 0.1 or more.

High-entropy ultra-high temperature ceramics (HE-UHTC) coatings deposited on substrates, as well methods for depositing the HE-UHTC coatings on the substrates, are provided. An HE-UHTC electrode can be fabricated via spark plasma sintering (SPS) and then a thin coating of the HE-UHTC can be deposited in a precision-controlled manner on a substrate via an electro-spark deposition process.

A cubic boron nitride sintered material includes: 20 to 80 volume % of cBN grains; and 20 to 80 volume % of a binder phase, wherein the binder phase includes first binder grains and second binder grains, in each of the first binder grains, a ratio of the number of atoms of the first metal element to a total of the number of atoms of the titanium and the number of atoms of the first metal element is more than or equal to 0.01% and less than 10%, in each of the second binder grains, this ratio is more than or equal to 10% and less than or equal to 80%, and in an X-ray diffraction spectrum of the cubic boron nitride sintered material, one or both of conditions 1 and 2 are satisfied.

Coke including additives that are accumulated at the yield points or in the regions surrounded by the yield points. For homogeneous distribution, the additives are continuously dosed into the delayed coker during the filling time. The dosing can be carried out by powdery blowing with an inert gas (nitrogen) or also distributed in a slurry consisting of the reaction components and a partial flow of the coker feed (vacuum resid, pytar, decant oil or coal-tar distillates). According to an advantageous form of embodiment, the additives may optionally have a diameter of between 0.05 mm and 5 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 3 mm. Advantageously, the additives can be selected from at least one of acetylene coke, fluid coke, flexi coke, shot coke, carbon black, non-graphitisable carbons (chars), non-graphitic anthracite, silicon carbide, titanium carbide, titanium diboride or mixtures thereof.

A member for a plasma processing apparatus has a tungsten carbide phase, and a sub-phase including at least one selected from the group consisting of phase I to IV, and phase V, in which the phase I is a carbide phase containing, as a constituent element, at least one of the elements of Group IV, V, and VI of the periodic table excluding W, the phase II is a nitride phase containing, as a constituent element, at least one of the elements of Group IV, V, and VI of the periodic table excluding W, the phase III is a carbonitride phase containing, as a constituent element, at least one of the elements of Group IV, Group V, and Group VI of the periodic table excluding W, the phase IV is a carbon phase, the phase V is a composite carbide phase which is represented by a formula W.sub.xM.sub.yC.sub.z.

A cubic boron nitride sintered material comprises cubic boron nitride particles, a binding phase, and an interfacial phase. The interfacial phase intervenes between the cubic boron nitride particles and the binding phase. The interfacial phase includes aluminum, nitrogen, boron, and oxygen. A total of an average value of the atomic concentrations of aluminum included in the interfacial phase and an average value of the atomic concentrations of nitrogen included in the interfacial phase is 50.0 at % or more. A ratio of an average value of the atomic concentrations of nitrogen included in the interfacial phase to an average value of the atomic concentrations of boron included in the interfacial phase is more than 1.00.

The disclosure relates to cubic boron nitride inserts for machining iron-based workpieces, as well as related methods and apparatuses. The insert includes a cutting element containing cubic boron nitride (cBN) in an amount in a range of 50 wt. % to 95 wt. % based on the cutting element, and a binder containing at least one of (i) alumina (Al.sub.2O.sub.3) and a manganese material (e.g., an oxide such as MnO.sub.x) and (ii) zirconia (ZrO.sub.2). The insert can be used for various machining processes, for example turning or boring. Suitable workpieces include iron-based materials or ferrous alloys, for example a cast iron such as compacted graphite iron (CGI).

The present invention relates to the field of MAX-phase ceramic-based composites, specifically to a short-fiber-reinforced oriented MAX-phase ceramic-based composite and a preparation method therefor. By using a new process with a fiber, a nano lamellar MAX-phase ceramic powder, other additives, etc., for preparing a fiber-reinforced MAX-phase ceramic-based composite, a novel ternary composite is prepared, wherein a matrix is composed of a highly oriented lamellar MAX-phase ceramic, the fiber is distributed parallel to the lamellar MAX-phase ceramic in an axial direction, and a granulate ceramic phase enhancement phase is dispersed in the matrix. Thus, the problems of a MAX-phase ceramic-based composite matrix material prepared by an existing method, such as coarse grains, multiple internal defects and a low strength, and a poor fracture toughness; and a reaction sintering temperature being too high such that fibers are chemically and physically damaged in a substrate, resulting in performance degradation, are solved. Fibers prepared by the method are suitable for large-scale industrial preparation and have properties that are far superior to those of any existing known fiber MAX-phase composite.

A highly oriented nanometer MAX phase ceramic and a preparation method for a MAX phase in-situ autogenous oxide nanocomposite ceramic. The raw materials comprise a MAX phase ceramic nano-lamellar powder body or a blank body formed by the nano-lamellar powder body, wherein MAX phase ceramic nano-lamellar particles in the powder body or the blank meet the particle size being between 20-400 nm, and the oxygen content is between 0.0001%-20% by mass; MAX phase grains in the ceramic obtained after the raw materials are sintered are lamellar or spindle-shaped, the lamellar structure having a high degree of orientation. Utilizing special properties of the nano-lamellar MAX powder body, orientation occurs during compression and deformation to obtain a lamellar structure similar to that in a natural pearl shell, and such a structure has a high bearing capacity and resistance to external loads and crack propagation, just like a brick used in a building.