An object of the present invention is to provide a photocuring method, which makes it possible to rapidly and efficiently obtain a crosslinked product (resin), a compound used in the photocuring method, and a photocuring resin composition containing the compound. The present invention relates to a photocuring method, which comprises a step 1 and a step 2 performed after the step 1, a compound used in the photocuring method, and a photocuring resin composition containing the compound. Step 1: this is a step in which in the presence of (A) compound having a carbonyl group generating a radical by photoirradiation and a carboxyl group decarboxylated by photoirradiation, (B) silane coupling agent having a mercapto group or a (meth)acryl group is reacted with (C) water under acidic conditions to obtain (D) silane compound having a mercapto group or a (meth)acryl group and at least one silanol group. Step 2: this is a step in which in the presence of the compound (A) and (E) compound having a carbonyl group generating a radical by photoirradiation and a group generating a base by being decarboxylated by photoirradiation, the compound (A) and the compound (E) are irradiated with light to create alkaline conditions in a reaction system by decarboxylating the carboxyl group of the compound (A) and generating a base from the compound (E), and radicals are generated from the compound (A) and the compound (E) to generate a crosslinked product containing a constitutional unit derived from the silane compound (D) from the silane compound (D) and, if necessary, from (F) compound having two or more polymerizable unsaturated groups.

The present invention relates to compounds of formula (A), wherein Z is NR.sup.10 or O. These compounds represent novel acridinium and xanthylium salts having an unprecedented substituted heterocyclic core. They are useful as fluorescent dyes or precursors thereof in different applications including various imaging and sensing techniques, and, in particular, as photosensitizers and hereby preferably as photocatalysts. The present invention further relates to processes for preparing the inventive compounds via 1,5-organodimetallic reagents from double directed ortho-metalation reactions or combined halogen-metal exchange/directed ortho-metalation reactions.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to compounds of formula (A), wherein Z is NR.sup.10 or O. These compounds represent novel acridinium and xanthylium salts having an unprecedented substituted heterocyclic core. They are useful as fluorescent dyes or precursors thereof in different applications including various imaging and sensing techniques, and, in particular, as photosensitizers and hereby preferably as photocatalysts. The present invention further relates to processes for preparing the inventive compounds via 1,5-organodimetallic reagents from double directed ortho-metalation reactions or combined halogen-metal exchange/directed ortho-metalation reactions.

##STR00001##

In alternative embodiments, provided are processes for obtaining or purifying a substantially pure .sup.8tetrahydrocannabinol (.sup.8THC) and/or .sup.9tetrahydrocannabinol (.sup.9THC) and optionally a plurality of cannabinoids or terpenes from a natural or a synthetic source, wherein the natural or the synthetic source comprises a cannabidiol (CBD) and optionally a plurality of cannabinoids or terpenes. Also provided are processes comprising the continuous isolation and purification of cannabinoids or terpenes, and further isomerization of the purified cannabidiol to .sup.8tetrahydrocannabinol (.sup.8THC) and .sup.9tetrahydrocannabinol (.sup.9THC). In alternative embodiments, provided are processes for converting 8-THC into .sup.9-THC. In alternative embodiments, provided are processes for the industrial scale continuous isolation and purification of cannabinoids and further isomerization of the purified cannabidiol to .sup.9-THC.

In alternative embodiments, provided are processes for obtaining or purifying a substantially pure .sup.8tetrahydrocannabinol (.sup.8THC) and/or .sup.9tetrahydrocannabinol (.sup.9THC) and optionally a plurality of cannabinoids or terpenes from a natural or a synthetic source, wherein the natural or the synthetic source comprises a cannabidiol (CBD) and optionally a plurality of cannabinoids or terpenes. Also provided are processes comprising the continuous isolation and purification of cannabinoids or terpenes, and further isomerization of the purified cannabidiol to .sup.8tetrahydrocannabinol (.sup.8THC) and .sup.9tetrahydrocannabinol (.sup.9THC). In alternative embodiments, provided are processes for converting 8-THC into .sup.9-THC. In alternative embodiments, provided are processes for the industrial scale continuous isolation and purification of cannabinoids and further isomerization of the purified cannabidiol to .sup.9-THC.

The present application discloses a levelling compound for electrodepositing metals. The metal is of formula (II): ##STR00001##

The present application discloses a levelling compound for electrodepositing metals. The metal is of formula (II): ##STR00001##

A photobase generator includes a compound including a first skeleton represented by the following formula (a), and a second skeleton including a nitrogen atom bonding to a bonding position of the first skeleton to form an amide group, wherein the compound generates a base, in which a hydrogen atom is bonding with the nitrogen atom of the second skeleton, by light irradiation, and the pKa of a conjugate acid of the base in water is 12 or more. In formula (a), G is a divalent aromatic group, and * represents the bonding position with the nitrogen atom. ##STR00001##

A photobase generator includes a compound including a first skeleton represented by the following formula (a), and a second skeleton including a nitrogen atom bonding to a bonding position of the first skeleton to form an amide group, wherein the compound generates a base, in which a hydrogen atom is bonding with the nitrogen atom of the second skeleton, by light irradiation, and the pKa of a conjugate acid of the base in water is 12 or more. In formula (a), G is a divalent aromatic group, and * represents the bonding position with the nitrogen atom. ##STR00001##

The present invention provides novel compounds having the general formula: ##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.6, X, Y, A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 are as described herein, compositions including the compounds and methods of using the compounds.