Phosphoramidate esters and related nucleotide analogs useful in polynucleotide sequencing techniques, and synthetic methods for preparing those compounds, are disclosed. These compounds include nucleotide phosphoramidates analogs that are modified on the alpha-phosphate to enable attachment of a variety of application-specific substituents such as tether molecules.

Embodiments of the present invention are directed to processes for purifying ligands such as organopolyphosphite ligands. In one embodiment, a process comprises: (a) receiving a solid organopolyphosphite compound that has been recrystallized or triturated at least once, wherein the solid organopolyphosphite compound comprises greater than one weight percent of an oxidized phosphite impurity and wherein the organopolyphosphite compound is substantially free of solvent; (b) slurrying the solid organopolyphosphite compound in a C.sub.2 or higher alcohol at a temperature of at least 60° C. for at least 20 minutes to reduce the oxidized phosphite impurity in the solid phase; and (c) removing liquid comprising dissolved oxidized phosphite impurity from the slurry, wherein the residual oxidized phosphite impurity content of the organopolyphosphite compound following step (c) is 1 weight percent or less.

The invention relates to a composition comprising an organic material susceptible to oxidative, thermal or light-induced degradation and a compound of formula I-P, I-O or I-M. Further embodiments are a compound of formula I-P, I-O or I-M, a process for protection of the organic material by the compound, the use of the compound against degradation of the organic material, an additive composition comprising the compound, processes for manufacturing the compound and an intermediate involved therein.

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The present invention discloses a composite phosphorus flame retardant comprising cyclic organophosphate with multiple DOPO moieties, and a manufacturing method thereof. The composite structure phosphorus flame retardant has a structural formula comprising at least one organophosphate and at least two DOPO cyclic organophosphates. The method comprises: mixing the DOPO with a polyhydroxy alkane or a hydrocarbon substituent, wherein the polyhydroxy alkane has at least three hydroxy groups, and the hydrocarbon substituent has a chain with at least three carbon atoms; heating the mixture to 195-210° C. and reacting for 14-17 hours in the presence of a protective gas, and then cooling to room temperature; adding a phosphorus oxohalide or an incompletely esterified phosphorus oxohalide; and heating to 55-65° C. and reacting for 1.5-3 hours, then cooling to room temperature to obtain the product. The invention provides flame retardation at two decomposition temperatures, the first occurring within a range of 230-310° C., while the other occurring after 345° C. The in has a simple composition, is easy to use, has high phosphorus contents, and provides improved flame retardance.

The disclosure relates to chemical synthesis, and more particularly to a biphenyltetradentate phosphite compound and a preparation and application thereof. The compound has a structure of formula(I):

##STR00001##

An organic phosphorus-based compound which satisfies the following requirements (i) to (viii) and is represented by the following formula (1): (i) the organic purity should be not lower than 98%; (ii) the solubility in 20 C. water should be not higher than 0.1 g/100 g of water; (iii) the total halogen component content should be not higher than 1,000 ppm; (iv) the total volatile organic matter content should be not higher than 800 ppm; (v) the pH value should be not larger than 1.0; (vi) the volume standard median diameter should be not larger than 30 m; (vii) the maximum particle diameter should be not larger than 200 m; and (viii) the standard deviation represented by the following formula should be not larger than 20 m. Standard deviation=(d84%+d16%)/2; wherein d84%: particle diameter at a point where the cumulative curve becomes 84% (m), and d16%: particle diameter at a point where the cumulative curve becomes 16% (m). ##STR00001##
In the above formula, R.sup.2 and R.sup.5 may be the same or different and are each a phenyl group which may have a substituent, naphthyl group which may have a substituent, anthryl group which may have a substituent, or branched or linear alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms which may have an aromatic substituent. R.sup.1, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.6 may be the same or different and are each a hydrogen atom, branched or linear alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, phenyl group which may have a substituent, naphthyl group which may have a substituent, or anthryl group which may have a substituent.

The present invention relates to a cellular transport system for bringing a sulfonic acid construct which carries a cargo into a cell and releasing the cargo in the cell's cytoplasm, the cellular transport system comprising: (i) a sulfonate transporter located in the cytoplasm membrane of the cell wherein said sulfonate transporter is capable of transporting said sulfonic acid construct across the cytoplasm membrane into the cytoplasm; (ii) a -glutamyl transferase (GGT; EC 2.3.2.2) which is modified to be located in the cytoplasm of the cell, wherein said -glutamyl transferase is capable of hydrolyzing said sulfonic acid construct so as to release the cargo. Moreover, the present invention relates to the use of a cellular transport system for bringing a sulfonic acid construct which contains a cargo into a cell and releasing the cargo in the cell's cytoplasm. Further, the present invention relates to a -glutamyl transferase for hydrolyzing a sulfonic acid construct which contains a cargo.

Provided herein are compounds of Formula (I), Formula (II) and/or Formula (III), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts of any of the foregoing, pharmaceutical compositions that include a compound described herein (including pharmaceutically acceptable salts of a compound described herein) and methods of synthesizing the same. Also provided herein are methods of treating diseases and/or conditions with a compound of Formula (I), Formula (II) and/or Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing.

The present invention discloses a composite phosphorus flame retardant comprising cyclic organophosphate with multiple DOPO moieties, and a manufacturing method thereof. The composite structure phosphorus flame retardant has a structural formula comprising at least one organophosphate and at least two DOPO cyclic organophosphates. The method comprises: mixing the DOPO with a polyhydroxy alkane or a hydrocarbon substituent, wherein the polyhydroxy alkane has at least three hydroxy groups, and the hydrocarbon substituent has a chain with at least three carbon atoms; heating the mixture to 195-210 C. and reacting for 14-17 hours in the presence of a protective gas, and then cooling to room temperature; adding a phosphorus oxohalide or an incompletely esterified phosphorus oxohalide; and heating to 55-65 C. and reacting for 1.5-3 hours, then cooling to room temperature to obtain the product. The invention provides flame retardation at two decomposition temperatures, the first occurring within a range of 230-310 C., while the other occurring after 345 C. The in has a simple composition, is easy to use, has high phosphorus contents, and provides improved flame retardance.

Disclosed is an optical fiber with reducing light bias for lighting including: a core extending in a length direction and formed of a material containing a phosphorus (P) based stabilizer; and a clad formed to surround the core, wherein the phosphorus (P) based stabilizer contains cyclic phosphite.