A method of producing a phenolic resin foam is provided. The method includes foaming and curing, on a surface material, a foamable phenolic resin composition containing a phenolic resin, a surfactant, a curing catalyst, and at least one selected from the group consisting of a chlorinated hydrofluoroolefin, a non-chlorinated hydrofluoroolefin, and a halogenated hydrocarbon. The phenolic resin has a weight average molecular weight Mw of at least 400 and no greater than 3,000 as determined by gel permeation chromatography. The phenolic resin has a viscosity at 40 C. of at least 1,000 mPa.Math.s and no greater than 100,000 mPa.Math.s. The phenolic resin has a viscosity increase rate constant of at least 0.05 (1/min) and no greater than 0.5 (1/min).

A polymer containing a carboxyl group, a preparation method and an application thereof, a supported catalyst and a preparation method thereof and preparation methods of penem antibiotic intermediate are disclosed. The polymer has high rigidity and hardness, thus the mechanical properties of the polymer is effectively improved. Meanwhile, in the polymer, the carboxyl group is used as a main functional group, and is used as a carrier to prepare, by means of a coordination reaction between the carboxyl group and a heavy metal, a supported metal catalyst which has better connection stability between the metal and the polymer. The above two factors can improve the stability of the supported metal catalyst, such that the catalyst can be recycled without losing the catalytic activity. Meanwhile, loss of a heavy metal active ingredient and production cost can be reduced.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, predominantly closed cell polymer foams are provided which comprise less than 13.5% Z-1336mzz, carbon dioxide and one or more of methyl formate, methylal and trans-dichloroethylene and has a k factor of less than 0.147 BTU-in/hr-ft.sup.2- F. The cellular polymer foam is foamed polyurethane or foamed polyisocyanurate, depending on the identity of the polyisocyanate and active hydrogen-containing compound reactants and their relative amounts. Active hydrogen means that the hydrogen is reactive with the isocyanate of the polyisocyanate reactant. The active hydrogen-containing compound contains at least two groups that contain active hydrogen (atoms) that is reactive with isocyanate. The polyurethane and polyisocyanurate reaction products (foamed) resulting from the process of the present invention are polymers. The reaction product can be a mixture of these polymers.

An extruded styrenic resin foam may include 100 parts by weight of a styrenic resin; 0.5 to 8.0 parts by weight of a flame retardant; 1.0 to 5.0 parts by weight of graphite; a saturated hydrocarbon having 3 to 5 carbon atoms; and a hydrofluoroolefin. 1 kg of the extruded styrenic resin foam includes the hydrofluoroolefin in an amount of 0.05 to 0.40 mol, and the saturated hydrocarbon in an amount of 0.10 to 0.40 mol, a total amount of the saturated hydrocarbon and the hydrofluoroolefin being 0.30 to 0.50 mol relative to 1 kg of the extruded styrenic resin foam.

Disclosed are bowing agent compositions, foamable compositions, foams, foaming methods and/or foamed articles comprising one or more C2 to C6 fluoroalkenes, more preferably one or more C3 to C5 fluoroalkenes, and even more preferably one or more compounds having Formula I as follows:

XCF.sub.zR.sub.3-z (I)

Where X is a C.sub.1, C.sub.2, C.sub.3, C.sub.4, or C.sub.5 unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted radical, each R is independently Cl, F, Br, I or H, and z is 1 to 3, it generally being preferred that the fluoroalkene of the present invention was at least four (4) halogen substituents, at least three of which are F and even more preferably none of which are Br.

This invention relates to thermoset, thermal insulating panel, pour-in-place and pour-in-place foams having desirable and unexpectedly low thermal conductivity, and to compositions, method and systems which use and/or are used to make such foams comprising: (a) providing thermosetting foam forming component and a blowing agent for forming predominantly closed cells in the foam, wherein the blowing agent comprises: (i) cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (HFO-1336mzzm(Z)) and cyclopentane, with the HFO-1336mzzm(Z) and cyclopentane in the blowing agent together comprising at least about 50% by weight of the total of all components in the blowing agent and (ii) the weight ratio of HFO-1336mzzm(Z) to cyclopentane in the blowing agent is from about 45:55 to less than 68:32 and (b) forming foam from said provided foamable composition.

Disclosed are a foaming agent composition for polyurethane including glycerol carbonate as a chemical foaming agent and a physical foaming agent or a chemical foaming agent in a predetermined ratio (physicochemical foaming agent), and polyurethane foam prepared using the same. The polyurethane foam has very low global warming potential and ozone depletion potential and simultaneously improved properties such as thermal conductivity, water absorption, flexural strength, and compressive strength that meet the standard for thermal insulation materials made of rigid urethane foam, and is effective at preventing internal shrinkage.

The invention relates to a non-cross-linked copolymer foam with polyamide blocks and polyether blocks, wherein: the polyamide blocks of the copolymer have an average molar mass of from 200 to 1,500 g/mol; the polyether blocks of the copolymer have an average molar mass of from 800 to 2,500 g/mol; and the weight ratio of the polyamide blocks to the polyether blocks of the copolymer is from 0.1 to 0.9. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing said foam and items manufactured from said foam.

This invention relates to thermoset, thermal insulating panel, pour-in-place and pour-in-place foams having desirable and unexpectedly low thermal conductivity, and to compositions, method and systems which use and/or are used to make such foams comprising: (a) providing thermosetting foam forming component and a blowing agent for forming predominantly closed cells in the foam, wherein the blowing agent comprises: (i) cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (HFO-1336mzzm(Z)) and cyclopentane, with the HFO-1336mzzm(Z) and cyclopentane in the blowing agent together comprising at least about 50% by weight of the total of all components in the blowing agent and (ii) the weight ratio of HFO-1336mzzm(Z) to cyclopentane in the blowing agent is from about 45:55 to less than 68:32 and (b) forming foam from said provided foamable composition.

A polyurethane catalyst comprises a sodium compound, the sodium compound being 1 to 60 wt % of the polyurethane catalyst by the mass percent, and further comprises a tertiary amine and/or pyridine compound. The sodium compound and the tertiary amine and/or pyridine compound achieve a synergistic effect; during the catalysis of the polymerization of isocyanate and polyalcohol, the speed of the polymerization reaction is increased; and the prepared polyurethane material has excellent physical properties, does not contain any heavy metal element at all, is an environment-friendly catalyst, solves the technical problem of ensuring environmental protection, safety and the catalytic efficiency of the polyurethane catalyst, and is particularly applicable to the preparation of polyurethane synthetic leather resin slurry, a polyurethane elastomer (prepolymer), a polyurethane coating, a polyurethane adhesive, a polyurethane composite material, flexible polyurethane foam, and a rigid polyurethane material.