A liquid-crystalline medium which comprises at least one compound selected from the group of compounds of the formulae IA to IH, ##STR00001##
in which Z.sup.1 denotes a single bond, —CH.sub.2CH.sub.2—, —CH═CH—, —CH.sub.2O—, —OCH.sub.2—, —CF.sub.2O—, —OCF.sub.2—, —COO—, —OCO—, —C.sub.2F.sub.4—, —(CH.sub.2).sub.4—, —CHFCHF—, —CF.sub.2CH.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2CF.sub.2—, —C≡C—, —CF═CF—, —CH═CHCHO— or —CH.sub.2CF.sub.2O—,
and the use thereof for an active-matrix display, in particular based on the VA, PSA, PS-VA, PALC, FFS, PS-FFS, SA-VA, PS-IPS or IPS effect.

Provide are a liquid crystal compound represented by formula I, and a liquid crystal mixture comprising the compound ##STR00001## A lateral trifluoromethyl-containing liquid crystal compound having the structural characteristics of Formula I not only has a negative dielectric anisotropy (Δε), an appropriate optical anisotropy (Δn), a higher clearing point (CP), a prominent low-temperature miscibility with other liquid crystals, and a low rotary viscosity (γ1), but also has a good stability to UV and high temperatures, particularly, a negative dielectric anisotropy. Same can be applied to the formulation of liquid crystal compositions of positive and negative types, and it is particularly prominent that same has the advantages of a good solubility at low temperatures and a high transmittance.

The liquid crystal composition having a negative dielectric anisotropy contains two ring compound having a large optical anisotropy and a negatively large dielectric anisotropy as the first component, three ring compound having a large maximum temperature and a large dielectric anisotropy as the second component, three ring compound having a large optical anisotropy and a large dielectric anisotropy as the third component, and two ring compound having a small viscosity as the fourth component. The liquid crystal display device contains the compositions.

The purpose of the invention is to control, by using a colorless alignment control monomer, the alignment of liquid crystal molecules of a liquid crystal display element that does not include an alignment film, and to provide a liquid crystal composition with which the colorless alignment control monomer exhibits excellent compatibility. The invention uses a liquid crystal display element that comprises an alignment control monomer including an aromatic ester that undergoes photo-Fries rearrangement by light irradiation, and that employs a liquid crystal composition having a negative dielectric anisotropy. The invention also uses the liquid crystal composition.

Provided is a compound represented by formula (1) described below.

##STR00001##

In formula (1), a and b are independently 0, 1 or 2, and expressions: 0a+b3 hold, ring A.sup.1, ring A.sup.2, ring A.sup.3 and ring A.sup.4 are independently 1,4-cyclohexylene, for example, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, Z.sup.3, Z.sup.4 and Z.sup.3 are independently a single bond, alkylene having 1 to 10 carbons, or the like, Sp.sup.1 and Sp.sup.2 are independently a single bond, alkylene having 1 to 10 carbons, or the like, and P.sup.1 and P.sup.2 are independently a specific polymerizable group.

Disclosed is a liquid crystal composition comprising one or more compounds represented by formula I and/or formula II and one or more compounds represented by formula III: ##STR00001##
wherein the definition of each substituent is given. The composition involved in the present invention has a low viscosity .sub.1, a high clearing point Tni and a large optical anisotropy n, and can realize a rapid response of liquid crystal display.

The present invention relates to a novel class of polymers which can be used as dielectric material for the preparation of passivation layers in electronic devices. The polymers are prepared from polymerizable compounds having mesogenic groups and they provide excellent film forming capability and excellent mechanical properties and have a low dielectric constant and a low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). There is further provided a method for forming said polymers and an electronic device containing said polymers as dielectric material. Beyond that, the present invention relates to a manufacturing method for preparing a packaged microelectronic structure and to a microelectronic device comprising said packaged microelectronic structure formed by said manufacturing method.

A negative dielectric anisotropy liquid crystal composition having one or more A-R.sub.0B compounds represented by formula I above as a first component, and one or more compounds represented by formula II above as a second component: ##STR00001##
The liquid crystal composition has a good stability against light and heat, a lower viscosity, a wider refractive index that may be achieved by adjusting the monomer ratio, and a higher clearing point (a very wide service temperature range). The liquid crystal composition has a higher light transmittance, thus allowing a display device to have a higher brightness or an energy saving effect.

The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display (LCD) of the polymer stabilized ultra fast (PS-UF) twisted nematic (TN) mode, to an LCD obtained by this method and to an LC medium used therein.

Disclosed is a liquid crystal display device comprising an array substrate and an opposite substrate arranged facing the array substrate, wherein the structure of said array substrate comprises elongated and evenly spaced slit electrodes and electrode gaps between the slit electrodes, and said opposite substrate comprises a bulk electrode; and further comprises a liquid crystal composition between said array substrate and the opposite substrate. The liquid crystal display device has a higher light transmittance, such that more backlight passes through the liquid crystal display device, resulting in the liquid crystal display device having a higher luminance.