The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device that includes a particular color filter containing a material containing chiral liquid crystals and a particular pigment. The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device that can prevent a decrease in the voltage holding ratio (VHR) of a liquid crystal layer and solve the problem of display defects, such as white spots, variations in alignment, and burn-in. Because liquid crystal display devices according to the present invention characteristically prevent a decrease in the voltage holding ratio (VHR) of a liquid crystal layer and reduces the occurrence of display defects, such as burn-in, the liquid crystal display devices are particularly useful as liquid crystal display devices in IPS mode and FFS mode for active-matrix driving and can be applied to household electrical appliances, automobiles, production facilities, measuring and analytical instruments, and communication devices.

Reactive mesogens (RMs), mixtures and formulations comprising RMs, polymers obtained from such RMs and RM mixtures, and the use of the RMs, RM mixtures and polymers in optical or electrooptical components or devices, like optical films for liquid crystal displays (LCDs).

Provided are a polymerizable compound having at least one monovalent group (A), a polymerizable composition containing the polymerizable compound, a liquid crystal composite prepared from the polymerizable composition, and a liquid crystal device having the polymerizable composition. ##STR00001## In monovalent group (A), R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently hydrogen, halogen or alkyl having 1 to 20 carbons, and in the alkyl, at least one piece of —CH.sub.2— may be replaced by —O— or —S—, and at least one piece of —(CH.sub.2).sub.2— may be replaced by —CH═CH—, and in the groups, at least one hydrogen may be replaced by halogen.

A liquid crystal dielectric applicable to high-frequency electromagnetic wave modulation has a clearing point of the liquid crystal dielectric higher than 110° C., a low-temperature storage temperature lower than −20° C., and an optical anisotropy greater than 0.35. The liquid crystal dielectric includes: one or more compounds selected by general formula I, which occupy 30-80% of the total weight of the liquid crystal dielectric, and one or more compounds selected by general formula II and/or general formula III, which occupy 20-70% of the total weight of the liquid crystal dielectric. The liquid crystal dielectric has good low-temperature stability, high dielectric anisotropy, a high phase width, appropriate rotary viscosity, appropriate optical anisotropy, low dielectric loss, and a low loss tangent, exhibits strong high-frequency electromagnetic wave tuning capability, is specifically suitable for electromagnetic wave modulation in microwave or millimeter wave areas, and has a good application prospect in liquid crystal phase shifters. ##STR00001##

The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium, preferably having a nematic phase and dielectric anisotropy of 0.5 or more, which comprises one or more compounds of formula YX ##STR00001## in which
the parameters have the meanings given in the text,
to the use thereof in an electro-optical display, particularly in an active-matrix display based on the IPS or FFS effect, to displays of this type which contain a liquid-crystalline medium of this type, and to the use of the compounds of formula YX for the improvement of the transmission and/or response times of a liquid-crystalline medium which comprises one or more additional mesogenic compounds.

There is provided a ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) material for the deformed helix FLC (DHFLC) electro-optical mode devices and shows optimum electro-optical properties including high tilt angle (>38°), and short helix pitch (<120 nm), and spontaneous polarization (>100 nC/cm.sup.2) comprising at least two components, wherein at least one FLC component is a chiral compound of Formula (I):

##STR00001##

particularly:

##STR00002##

wherein W.sub.1 and W.sub.2 are chiral groups with polar substituent at chiral centre, A and B are independently N atom or CH groups providing that at least one of A or B is N atom. Other various groups are as defined herein.

Dielectrically positive liquid-crystalline media comprising a compound of the formula TINUVIN 770 and optionally one or more compounds of formula I, ##STR00001##
in which the parameters have the respective meanings indicated in the specification, and optionally one or more further dielectrically positive compounds and optionally one or more further dielectrically neutral compounds, and to liquid-crystal displays, especially active-matrix displays and in particular TN, IPS and FFS displays, containing these media.

The present invention relates to an LC medium comprising and a liquid-crystalline host consisting of an LC component H) comprising one or more mesogenic or liquid-crystalline compounds and an optically active component D) and optionally a polymerizable component P) comprising one or more polymerizable compounds; and to the use of the polymerizable compounds and LC media for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in LC displays, especially in LC displays of the polymer sustained alignment type.

The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium, preferably having a nematic phase and dielectric anisotropy of 0.5 or more, which comprises one or more compounds of formula YX

##STR00001## in which
the parameters have the meanings given in the text,
to the use thereof in an electro-optical display, particularly in an active-matrix display based on the IPS or FFS effect, to displays of this type which contain a liquid-crystalline medium of this type, and to the use of the compounds of formula YX for the improvement of the transmission and/or response times of a liquid-crystalline medium which comprises one or more additional mesogenic compounds.

A nanoparticle film is disclosed. The nanoparticle film comprises a plurality of polymerized liquid crystal monomers having an axis of alignment, and a plurality of nanoparticles disposed in the polymerized liquid crystal monomers. Each of the nanoparticles has a surface modified by a plurality of first ligands and a long axis aligned with the axis of alignment through the plurality of first ligands.