A mixed low-carbon alcohol ignition agent in a gel paste or a thin cake, and a cylindrical fire-leading coal and a cylindrical coal placed underneath having a high volatile content and honeycomb-like vent holes which are made from solid fuels such as bitumite, lignite, biomass fuels, polyolefin and waste plastics as well as nontoxic excipients, are vertically combined into a coal pile to be combusted in a furnace core, and the number of the pile may be increased. A firing slip of paper is thrown in to ignite the ignition agent from the top, a long-flame combustion is generated soon, and the fire-leading coal catches fire. A high-temperature zone ranging from 400 C. to 800 C. may be rapidly formed in a simple large combustion chamber between the top of the coal pile and the fire-gathering plate. The radiant heat plus the conductive heat is greater than the convective heat, and the red hot coal layer on the surface of the fire-leading coal will gradually move down at a rapid speed, which causes the coal placed underneath to catch fire. The three major components of the coal pile are elaborately formulated and prepared. The material of the furnace core must fit the coal pile. The high-temperature zone is in the upper portion and the low-temperature zone is in the lower portion, which produces an orderly, long-flame, complete combustion and a static combustion without an air blast, thus realizing a combustion with zero smog throughout the whole process starting from the moment of ignition. In addition, the sulfur-fixing rate is high, the cleanliness of the exhaust gas is close to that of natural gas, the exhaust gas may be discharged directly, the heat-generating efficiency is high, the cost is low, the slag is used as a fertilizer, and it is suitable for various small- and micro-sized stoves for heating and warming.

The invention provides dispersions comprising I) at least one oil-soluble polymer effective as a cold flow improver for mineral oils, II) at least one organic, water-immiscible solvent, III) a dispersant comprising, based on the total amount of dispersant, a) 10-90% by weight of a salt of an ethercarboxylic acid and b) 90-10% by weight of a nonionic surfactant, IV) water and V) at least one organic, water-miscible solvent.

Described herein are compositions for modifying fuels. The modified fuels are more efficient when compared to conventional fuels such as gasoline. Additionally, the modified fuels burn more efficiently and produce fewer emissions. Finally, the modified fuels also do not require any modifications to existing engines.

A liquid concentrate comprising essentially: (A) 0.1 to 10 wt. % of one or more amphoteric emulsifying agents; (B) 30 to 95 wt. % of one or more nonionic alkoxylated surfactants; (C) 0 to 20 wt. % of one or more glycol-based solubilizers; and (D) 0 to 65 wt. % of one or more organic solvents;
wherein component (B) comprises a mixture of C.sub.6-C.sub.15-alkanol ethoxylates with different carbon numbers for the alkanol unit species, the carbon numbers for the two C.sub.6-C.sub.15-alkanol ethoxylates which have the highest share in weight in the mixture being at least 1.5 carbon numbers distant from each other, is useful for reducing or eliminating the formation in a liquid hydrocarbon fuel of ice particles having a weight average particle size greater than 1 m when said liquid hydrocarbon fuel is cooled to temperatures in the range of from 0 to 50 C.

The present invention relates to a process for treating a glycerol solution comprising fatty acid soaps obtained in a biodiesel production process, to obtain a glycerol enriched phase.

A dimethyl ether blended fuel having a fuel composition including dimethyl ether (DME), glycerol, and a co-solvent, wherein the fuel composition achieving a kinematic viscosity of at least 0.2 centistokes (cSt).

Described herein are modified fuels with improved properties. The modified fuels are more efficient when compared to conventional fuels such as gasoline. Additionally, the modified fuels burn more efficiently and produce fewer emissions. Finally, the modified fuels also do not require any modifications to existing engines.

A fuel composition and fluid regulation apparatus are provided for an improved fuel composition and distribution. The fuel composition may include or relate to a fluid regulation apparatus, flow component, electronic controller, regulator covers, roller clip mechanism, filling head, feeder stem and distributor. A method to operate an improved fuel composition and/or fluid regulation apparatus is also provided.

A fuel composition and fluid regulation apparatus are provided for an improved fuel composition and distribution. The fuel composition may include or relate to a fluid regulation apparatus, flow component, electronic controller, regulator covers, roller clip mechanism, filling head, feeder stem and distributor. A method to operate an improved fuel composition and/or fluid regulation apparatus is also provided.

The invention relates to aqueous polymer dispersions comprising at least one polymer obtainable by the reaction of at least one monomer M1 of the general formula H.sub.2CCHC(O)OR (I), wherein R is an unbranched alkyl chain comprising from 18 to 22 carbon atoms, and optionally at least one monomer M2. The invention relates moreover to a method for the preparing of such aqueous polymer dispersion and the use thereof as pour point depressant for crude oil, petroleum, and petroleum products.