In a case where an alkali aqueous solution is used as an electrolyte, provided are an oxygen catalyst excellent in catalytic activity and composition stability, an electrode having high activity and stability using this oxygen catalyst, and an electrochemical measurement method that can evaluate the catalytic activity of the oxygen catalyst alone. The oxygen catalyst is an oxide having peaks at positions of 2θ=30.07°±1.00°, 34.88°±1.00°, 50.20°±1.00°, and 59.65°±1.00° in an X-ray diffraction measurement using a CuKα ray, and having constituent elements of bismuth, ruthenium, sodium, and oxygen. An atom ratio O/Bi of oxygen to bismuth and an atom ratio O/Ru of oxygen to ruthenium are both more than 3.5.

A light-driven fuel cell includes a cathode, an anode, and a proton-permeable membrane between the anode and the cathode. The anode includes a photocatalyst for anaerobic methane oxidation reaction, and when the anode is supplied with methane and water and is irradiated with light, methanol, protons and electrons are generated by anaerobic methane oxidation reaction from the methane and the water supplied to the anode; the protons pass through the proton-permeable membrane and move to the cathode; and the electrons move to the cathode via an external circuit. The cathode includes a photocatalyst for aerobic methane oxidation reaction, and when the cathode is supplied with methane and oxygen and is irradiated with light, methanol and water are generated by aerobic methane oxidation reaction from the methane and the oxygen supplied to the cathode and the protons and the electrons moved from the anode.

To provide a manganese-iridium composite oxide, a manganese-iridium composite oxide and a manganese-iridium composite oxide electrode material, having high catalytic activity produced at low cost, to be used as an anode catalyst for oxygen evolution in water electrolysis, and their production methods.

A manganese-iridium composite oxide, which has an iridium metal content ratio (iridium/(manganese+indium)) of 0.1 atomic % or more and 30 atomic % or less, and has interplanar spacings of at least 0.243±0.002 nm, 0.214±0.002 nm, 0.165±0.002 nm, 0.140±0.002 nm, and a manganese-iridium composite oxide electrode material comprising an electrically conductive substrate constituted by fibers at least part of which are covered with the above manganese-iridium composite oxide.

To provide a manganese-iridium composite oxide, a manganese-iridium composite oxide and a manganese-iridium composite oxide electrode material, having high catalytic activity produced at low cost, to be used as an anode catalyst for oxygen evolution in water electrolysis, and their production methods.

A manganese-iridium composite oxide, which has an iridium metal content ratio (iridium/(manganese+indium)) of 0.1 atomic % or more and 30 atomic % or less, and has interplanar spacings of at least 0.243±0.002 nm, 0.214±0.002 nm, 0.165±0.002 nm, 0.140±0.002 nm, and a manganese-iridium composite oxide electrode material comprising an electrically conductive substrate constituted by fibers at least part of which are covered with the above manganese-iridium composite oxide.

The present invention relates to a photo-electrochemical device for production of a gas, liquid or solid using concentrated electromagnetic irradiation. The device comprises a photovoltaic component configured to generate charge carriers from the concentrated electromagnetic irradiation; and an electrochemical component configured to carry out electrolysis of a reactant. The photovoltaic component contacts the electrochemical component at a solid interface to form an integrated photo-electrochemical device; and further includes at least one reactant channel or a plurality of reactant channels extending between the photovoltaic component and the electrochemical component to transfer heat and the reactant from the photovoltaic component to the electrochemical component. The integrated photo-electrochemical device and auxiliary devices (such as concentrator, flow controllers) build a system which can flexibly react to changes in operating condition and guarantee best performance.

The present disclosure relates to an electrode for electrolysis which includes a metal base layer, and a coating layer containing a ruthenium oxide, a cerium oxide, and a nickel oxide, wherein the coating layer is formed on at least one surface of the base layer. The electrode for electrolysis of the present disclosure is characterized by exhibiting excellent durability and improved overvoltage.

The present disclosure relates to an electrode for electrolysis which includes a metal base layer, and a coating layer containing a ruthenium oxide, a cerium oxide, and a nickel oxide, wherein the coating layer is formed on at least one surface of the base layer. The electrode for electrolysis of the present disclosure is characterized by exhibiting excellent durability and improved overvoltage.

The compact devices with built-in power can be constructed for producing disinfectants that can impart hygiene and sterilization to the device users. The disinfectants may include ozone (O.sub.3), hydrogen peroxide (H.sub.2O.sub.2), peroxone (H.sub.2O.sub.3), singlet oxygen (O), hydroxy radical (.OH) and hydroperoxyl radical (HO.sub.2.). In the electrolysis, the anode generates O.sub.2 and O.sub.3, whereas the cathode products, namely, either hydrogen gas (H.sub.2) or H.sub.2O.sub.2, is dependent on the cathode materials utilized. When SS304 is used as the cathode, H.sub.2 will be generated. On the other hand, H.sub.2O.sub.2 is formed on using cobalt oxide plated on carbon nanofilm coated Ti (Co.sub.3O.sub.4-CNF/Ti) as cathode. On using the latter, O.sub.3 & H.sub.2O.sub.2 can be electrocatalytically cogenerated. When H.sub.2O.sub.2 mixes with O.sub.3, H.sub.2O.sub.3 will be formed, so are .OH and HO.sub.2.. O.sub.3 and H.sub.2O.sub.2 can not only contribute O.sub.2 to help human beings' breathing, they can impart human beings good health as well.

In accordance with the principals of the present invention, an electrolytic generator and method of electrolytic generation are provided. An electrolytic stack includes of a first electrode, a second electrode, and a polymer-electrolyte membrane placed between the first and second electrodes. A first fluid passage provides fluid passage over the first electrode while a second fluid passage provides fluid passage over the second electrode. A third fluid passage provides fluid connection between the first fluid passage and the second fluid passage such that the fluid flows from the first fluid passage to the second fluid passage via the third fluid passage. An electronic current is provided between the first electrode and the second electrode when a voltage bias is applied to the electrodes.

This composite comprises: a material having electrical conductivity; and a transition metal oxide which is supported by said material. The transition metal oxide has an amorphous structure.