Systems and methods for a hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst are provided. Electrode material includes a plurality of clusters. The electrode exhibits bifunctionality with respect to the hydrogen evolution reaction. The electrode with clusters exhibits improved performance with respect to the intrinsic material of the electrode absent the clusters.

A method of making Co.sub.3O.sub.4 nanorods by thermal decomposition of a cobalt salt is described. A method of using Co.sub.3O.sub.4 nanorods as an electrocatalyst component to a porous carbon electrode is also described. The carbon electrode may be made of carbonized filter paper. Together, this carbon-supported Co.sub.3O.sub.4 electrode may be used for water electrolysis.

A method of making Co.sub.3O.sub.4 nanorods by thermal decomposition of a cobalt salt is described. A method of using Co.sub.3O.sub.4 nanorods as an electrocatalyst component to a porous carbon electrode is also described. The carbon electrode may be made of carbonized filter paper. Together, this carbon-supported Co.sub.3O.sub.4 electrode may be used for water electrolysis.

The present invention provides an alkaline water electrolysis anode such that even when electric power having a large output fluctuation, such as renewable energy, is used as a power source, the electrolysis performance is unlikely to be deteriorated and excellent catalytic activity is retained stably over a long period of time. The alkaline water electrolysis anode is an alkaline water electrolysis anode 10 provided with an electrically conductive substrate 2 at least a surface of which contains nickel or a nickel base alloy and a catalyst layer 6 disposed on the surface of the electrically conductive substrate 2, the catalyst layer 6 containing a nickel-containing metal oxide having a spinel structure, wherein the nickel-containing metal oxide contains nickel (Ni) and manganese (Mn), and has an atom ratio of Li/Ni/Mn/O of (0.0 to 0.8)/(0.4 to 0.6)/(1.0 to 1.8)/4.0.

System and method for energy storage and recovery is described. More particularly, system and method using tungsten based materials to electrochemically store and recover energy is described. In certain embodiments, the system includes a reversible solid oxide electrochemical cell (RSOEC) having a porous cathode, a porous anode, and an electrolyte capable of transporting oxygen ion. The system further includes a reactor comprising tungsten, tungsten oxide, or combinations thereof. To store the energy, the RSOEC is capable of receiving electricity to electrolyze H.sub.2O to generate H.sub.2 and O.sub.2 and the reactor is operably connected to the RSOEC to receive the generated H2 and convert tungsten oxide to tungsten thereby storing electrical energy. To recover the energy, reactor is capable of receiving H.sub.2O to convert tungsten to tungsten oxide and generate H.sub.2 and the RSOEC is operably connected to the reactor to receive the generated H.sub.2 and generate electrical energy.

An oxidation catalyst for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis that exhibits excellent catalytic activity, electrical conductivity and a large surface area is disclosed. A preparation method of the oxidation catalyst, an anode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis and an anion exchange membrane water electrolysis system, each including the oxidation catalyst are also disclosed. The oxidation catalyst for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis includes a spinel-based oxide, and is prepared by precisely controlling the use of complexing agent and the pH using a co-precipitation method, whereby the oxidation catalyst can reduce the catalyst particle size to facilitate uniform dispersion of high viscosity and has a nano-sized flake structure, which makes it possible to uniformly coat the ionomer between flakes, and forms a porous structure, thereby widening the surface area and achieving excellent catalytic activity.

The present invention discloses an electrochemical process for water splitting for production of oxygen using porous Co.sub.3O.sub.4 nanorods with a considerably low overpotential and high exchange current density. The present invention further discloses a simple, industrially feasible process of for preparation of said nanostructured porous cobalt oxide catalyst thereof.

A method comprises coprecipitating one or more precursor compounds from a solution comprising one or more first metal salts and one or more second salts to produce precipitated precursor particles, forming a slurry of the precipitated precursor particles, applying the slurry to one or more surfaces of a conductive substrate to provide a slurry coated substrate, and baking the slurry coated substrate at specified calcination conductions to convert the one or more precursor compounds of the precipitated precursor particles to spinel particles that are adhered to the one or more surfaces of the conductive substrate, wherein the spinel particles comprise a spinel with the general chemical formula AB.sub.2O.sub.4.

The present disclosure provides approaches for increasing the adhesion of a catalyst ink on a substrate, use of binders within an electrode ink to enhance coating uniformity, incorporating pore-forming agents within an electrode ink, approaches for growing an electrode on a reinforcement layer, increasing the electrochemically active surface area, and incorporation of certain materials in an electrode ink. The present disclosure also relates to electrodes for electrochemical cells, including area-scalable electrodes designed for high-speed manufacturing. The materials, devices and methods described herein may apply to either one or both of an anode or a cathode electrode for an electrochemical cell.

An electrode including a substrate, zinc (Zn) doped CrV spinel oxide (ZCVO) nanoparticles, a conductive carbon compound, and a binding compound. A mixture of the ZCVO nanoparticles, the conductive carbon compound, and the binding compound at least partially coats a surface of the substrate. A supercapacitor including the electrode. A method of generating hydrogen with the electrode.