The present invention relates to triarylmethane compounds of the formula (I), which suitable as monomers for preparing thermoplastic resins having beneficial optical properties and which can be used for producing optical devices. R.sup.1, R.sup.2 are e.g. hydrogen; Y is an alkylene group having 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms, Ar is selected from mono- or polycyclic aryl and mono- or polycyclic hetaryl; X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3, X.sup.4 are CH, C—R.sup.x or N, provided that in each ring at most two of X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3, X.sup.4 are N; R.sup.x is e.g. halogen, CN or CH═CH.sub.2. The invention also relates to thermoplastic resins comprising a polymerized unit of the compound of formula (I).

##STR00001##

The resin composition of the present invention includes a water-soluble resin (component A); a resin having a functional group capable of reacting or interacting with the component A (component B); and at least one selected from the group consisting of a monovalent inorganic salt and a polycyclic aromatic sulfonate (component C). According to the resin composition of the present invention, a resin composition whose physical properties before recycling can be reproduced even after recycling can be provided.

The resin composition of the present invention includes a water-soluble resin (component A); a resin having a functional group capable of reacting or interacting with the component A (component B); and at least one selected from the group consisting of a monovalent inorganic salt and a polycyclic aromatic sulfonate (component C). According to the resin composition of the present invention, a resin composition whose physical properties before recycling can be reproduced even after recycling can be provided.

The present invention relates to triarylmethane compounds of the formula (I), which suitable as monomers for preparing thermoplastic resins having beneficial optical properties and which can be used for producing optical devices. R.sup.1, R.sup.2 are e.g. hydrogen; Y is an alkylene group having 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms, Ar is selected from mono- or polycyclic aryl and mono- or polycyclic hetaryl; X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3, X.sup.4 are CH, C—R.sup.x or N, provided that in each ring at most two of X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3, X.sup.4 are N; R.sup.x is e.g. halogen, CN or CH═CH.sub.2. The invention also relates to thermoplastic resins comprising a polymerized unit of the compound of formula (I). ##STR00001##

A magnetic toner includes toner particles. The toner particles each include a toner mother particle. The toner mother particle includes a polyester resin domain, a vinyl resin domain, and a magnetic powder. A vinyl resin constituting the vinyl resin domain includes a repeating unit having a non-ring-opened oxazoline group. An area rate of an area in which the vinyl resin domain is exposed in a surface area of the toner mother particle is at least 0.02% and no greater than 1.00%.

A magnetic toner includes toner particles. The toner particles each include a toner mother particle. The toner mother particle includes a polyester resin domain, a vinyl resin domain, and a magnetic powder. A vinyl resin constituting the vinyl resin domain includes a repeating unit having a non-ring-opened oxazoline group. An area rate of an area in which the vinyl resin domain is exposed in a surface area of the toner mother particle is at least 0.02% and no greater than 1.00%.

An object of the present invention is to provide a toner binder that maintains low-temperature fixability and hot offset resistance while having excellent grindability, image strength, heat-resistant storage stability, electrostatic charge stability, gloss-imparting properties, and durability. The toner binder of the present invention contains an amorphous resin (A) and a crystalline vinyl resin (B), wherein a weight ratio [(A)/(B)] of the amorphous resin (A) to the crystalline vinyl resin (B) is 81/19 to 97/3, the toner binder has an endothermic peak top temperature (Tm) derived from the crystalline vinyl resin (B) of 40° C. to 100° C. and a half-width of the endothermic peak derived from the crystalline vinyl resin (B) of 6° C. or less, the crystalline vinyl resin (B) has an acid value of 60 mg KOH/g or less, and the toner binder satisfies the following relation (1): 3° C.≤Tfb(A)−Tfb(C)≤30° C.

An object of the present invention is to provide a toner binder that maintains low-temperature fixability and hot offset resistance while having excellent grindability, image strength, heat-resistant storage stability, electrostatic charge stability, gloss-imparting properties, and durability. The toner binder of the present invention contains an amorphous resin (A) and a crystalline vinyl resin (B), wherein a weight ratio [(A)/(B)] of the amorphous resin (A) to the crystalline vinyl resin (B) is 81/19 to 97/3, the toner binder has an endothermic peak top temperature (Tm) derived from the crystalline vinyl resin (B) of 40° C. to 100° C. and a half-width of the endothermic peak derived from the crystalline vinyl resin (B) of 6° C. or less, the crystalline vinyl resin (B) has an acid value of 60 mg KOH/g or less, and the toner binder satisfies the following relation (1): 3° C.≤Tfb(A)−Tfb(C)≤30° C.

Various methods of reshaping and recycling thermoset polymers and composites containing thermoset polymers are provided. The methods involve the bond exchange reaction of exchangeable covalent bonds in the polymer matrix with a suitable small molecule solvent in the presence of a catalyst. In some aspects, the methods are applied to a carbon fiber reinforced polymer or a thermoset polymer where the thermoset polymer matrix includes a plurality of ester bonds. Using a small molecule alcohol, the methods provide for recycling one or both of the carbon fiber and the polymer, for welding two surfaces, or for repairing a damaged surface in the materials.

Various methods of reshaping and recycling thermoset polymers and composites containing thermoset polymers are provided. The methods involve the bond exchange reaction of exchangeable covalent bonds in the polymer matrix with a suitable small molecule solvent in the presence of a catalyst. In some aspects, the methods are applied to a carbon fiber reinforced polymer or a thermoset polymer where the thermoset polymer matrix includes a plurality of ester bonds. Using a small molecule alcohol, the methods provide for recycling one or both of the carbon fiber and the polymer, for welding two surfaces, or for repairing a damaged surface in the materials.