The invention encompasses components from microbial cells which are useful for antibody production, including peptides, polypeptides comprising these peptides, polynucleotides which encode these peptides or polypeptides, and antibodies directed to these peptides, polypeptides, or polynucleotides. The invention also encompasses to expression vectors and host cells for producing these peptides, polypeptides, polynucleotides, and antibodies. The invention further encompasses methods and compositions, especially vaccine compositions, for detecting, targeting, and inhibiting microbial cells, especially methanogen cells, using one or more of the disclosed peptides, polypeptides, polynucleotides, antibodies, expression vectors, and host cells.

Reagents and methods for the digital analysis of proteins or peptides are provided. Specifically provided herein are proteins for identifying the N-terminal amino acid or N-terminal phosphorylated amino acid of a polypeptide. Also, an enzyme for use in the cleavage step of the Edman degradation reaction and a method for using this enzyme are described.

Methods and compositions for increasing the production of large amounts of empty capsids of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in a stable manner in mammalian cells by regulating the expression of FMDV 3C protease. The instant methods and compositions are based on the fact that a decreased expression of 3C protease results in a reduced cell toxicity and an increased synthesis of viral capsid proteins, as well as production of recombinant empty capsids. The invention provides recombinant plasmids that direct the expression of P1, 3C, and the use of the plasmids for producing new stable cell lines capable of generating high titers of FMDV empty capsids. The invention provides methods for regulating the expression of the FMDV 3C protease gene at a transcriptional and translational level in order to achieve the required process level of 3C protease for the selection process, as well as the production process.

The present invention relates to a method for hydrolyzing eggshell membrane, comprising the step of treating a suitable amount of eggshell in a solution containing a denaturing agent, a reducing agent, a buffer, and an enzyme. The invention also relates to a composition for hydrolyzing eggshell membrane according to the preceding method.

The present invention relates to the field of biochemistry, more particularly to proteomics, more particularly to protein sequencing, even more particularly to single molecule peptide sequencing. The invention discloses means and methods for single molecule protein sequencing and/or amino acid identification using cleavage inducing agent. Said cleavage inducing agents which are not specific for one particular amino acid, cleave polypeptides step by step from the N-terminus onwards and provide information on the identity of the cleaved amino acids based on the kinetics of said reaction.

A DNA sequence encoding Der p1 protein having a particular base sequence is codon-optimized for the Pichia pastoris expression system, which is conducive to expressing Der p1 in Pichia pastoris. After gene optimization and adding an activating element to increase the expression of Der p1 in molecular level, it was found that Der p1 is expressed at a higher level as compared with the prior art and has biological activity similar to the natural protein.

The invention encompasses components from microbial cells which are useful for antibody production, including peptides, polypeptides comprising these peptides, polynucleotides which encode these peptides or polypeptides, and antibodies directed to these peptides, polypeptides, or polynucleotides. The invention also encompasses to expression vectors and host cells for producing these peptides, polypeptides, polynucleotides, and antibodies. The invention further encompasses methods and compositions, especially vaccine compositions, for detecting, targeting, and inhibiting microbial cells, especially methanogen cells, using one or more of the disclosed peptides, polypeptides, polynucleotides, antibodies, expression vectors, and host cells.

The invention encompasses components from microbial cells which are useful for antibody production, including peptides, polypeptides comprising these peptides, polynucleotides which encode these peptides or polypeptides, and antibodies directed to these peptides, polypeptides, or polynucleotides. The invention also encompasses to expression vectors and host cells for producing these peptides, polypeptides, polynucleotides, and antibodies. The invention further encompasses methods and compositions, especially vaccine compositions, for detecting, targeting, and inhibiting microbial cells, especially methanogen cells, using one or more of the disclosed peptides, polypeptides, polynucleotides, antibodies, expression vectors, and host cells.

The invention relates to new Streptococcal proteases designated IgdE which display IgG degrading cysteine protease activity. The invention further relates to in vitro methods of cleaving IgG using the described Streptococcal proteases, using the methods to generate Fc and Fab fragments, and using the methods to detect IgG.

The present invention relates to a composition comprising a solid carrier, a capture moiety, a functional protein, a first linker connecting the capture moiety to the solid carrier, a second linker connecting the functional protein to the capture moiety, a first protective layer fully embedding the solid carrier, fully or partially embedding the first linker, and not or partially embedding the capture moiety, a second protective layer fully or partially embedding the capture moiety, fully embedding the second linker, and fully or partially embedding the functional protein.