A nucleic acid construct is provided. The construct comprises a tobacco rattle virus (TRV) sequence and a nucleic acid sequence encoding a single guide RNA (sgRNA) that mediates sequence-specific cleavage in a target sequence of a genome of interest, wherein the TRV sequence is devoid of a functional 2b sequence. Also provided are plant cells comprising the construct and uses of the construct in gene editing.

The disclosure relates to a T-DNA binary vector based on bean yellow dwarf virus (BeYDV) that reduces plant cell death and increases transgene expression. In one aspect, the T-DNA region comprise a replicon cassette comprising a rep gene or a repA gene with a mutated translation initiation region. The disclosure also relates to replicating geminiviral expression system based on BeYDV comprising with an expression cassette a sequence encoding Rep and a sequence encoding the promoter of ubiquitin-3 from potato with ubiquitin fusion; an expression cassette comprising a sequence encoding RepA and a sequence encoding the promoter of ubiquitin-3 from potato with ubiquitin fusion; and an expression cassette comprising a promoter region, a 5′ UTR, a sequence encoding a recombinant protein, and a 3′ UTR. These expression cassettes are on different T-DNA cloning vectors or on one T-DNA cloning vector.

Materials and methods for gene targeting using Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated (CRISPR/Cas) systems are provided herein.

The present invention relates to methods and hybrids for the targeted modification of a nucleic acid-target region in a plant target structure. The invention specifically relates to methods and hybrids for directly obtaining a plant or plant material which comprises an editing of a nucleic acid introduced in a targeted manner into a meristematic cell. The hybrids can be introduced in a transient and/or stable manner. The invention also relates to novel plant-optimized introduction strategies. The invention further relates to a method for carrying out an in vitro screening assay in order to first check the suitable gRNA candidates in vitro with respect to their efficiency.

Methods and compositions for selecting plants with targeted nuclease alterations are provided.

A Barley stripe mosaic virus-based gene editing vector system, comprising artificial plasmids separately containing Barley stripe mosaic virus RNAα, RNAβ, and RNAγ. The required sgRNA sequence is integrated in RNAβ or RNAγ. The Barley stripe mosaic virus-based gene editing vector system can perform efficient gene editing on genomes of dicotyledons such as Nicotiana benthamiana and monocotyledons such as wheat and maize. Using the gene editing vector system, users can directly obtain wheat seeds harboring targeted gene editing events simply by inoculating the Cas9-transgenic wheat, and the edited target gene is transmitted to progeny plants through the seeds, without the need for transformation, tissue culture and regeneration process

The present disclosure relates to a single stranded RNA vector suitable for introducing a therapeutic agent, such as a peptide, a protein or a small RNA, into a host plant. The vector does not encode for any movement protein or coat protein, but is capable of capable of systemic and phloem-limited movement and replication within the host plant.

Methods and systems for outputting data for transmission in a wireless local area network (WLAN) are disclosed. The method comprises generating a trigger frame for a first wireless communication device, the trigger frame comprising one or more subfields of bits at predefined bit locations within the trigger frame that are populated with values for a second wireless communication device to copy into a trigger based frame for transmission to the first wireless communication device.

Methods of preparing plant-derived virus like particles (VLPs) are provided. The method may comprise obtaining a plant, or plant matter comprising apoplast-localized VLPs, producing a protoplast/spheroplast fraction and apoplast fraction from the plant or plant matter, and recovering the apoplast fraction. The apoplast fraction comprises plant-derived VLPs. Alternatively, VLPs may be obtained from plant or plant matter comprising plant-derived VLPs by digesting the plant matter using a cell wall degrading enzyme composition to produced a digested fraction. The digested fraction is filtered to produced a filtered fraction, and the plant-derived VLPs are recovered from the filtered fraction.

Provided herein are GRFT variants and methods of using such GRFT variants. The GRFT variants described herein can be PEGylated, which significantly improves the pharmacokinetics and decreases the immunogenicity of the GFRT composition.