Provided is a strand extending in the longitudinal direction, wherein the strand includes filaments of one type having a gradient-length effect through spiral rotational twists and an irregular fine texture through self-thermal shrinking. The filaments of the strand have natural coiling characteristics that are very similar to those of natural hair of black people, and these characteristics are caused by the facts that the filaments have 3-dimensional waveforms occurred due to many fine and irregular windings or projections and that the waveforms exhibit fractal structure features and a fine kinky texture.

Provided is a strand extending in the longitudinal direction, wherein the strand includes filaments of one type having a gradient-length effect through spiral rotational twists and an irregular fine texture through self-thermal shrinking. The filaments of the strand have natural coiling characteristics that are very similar to those of natural hair of black people, and these characteristics are caused by the facts that the filaments have 3-dimensional waveforms occurred due to many fine and irregular windings or projections and that the waveforms exhibit fractal structure features and a fine kinky texture.

Methods, systems, and apparatus for fabricating nanofiber yarn at rates of at least 30 m/min (1.8 kilometers (km)/hour (hr)) using a false twist nanofiber yarn spinner and a false twist spinning technique are disclosed. In a false twist spinning technique, a twist is introduced to nanofibers in a strand by twisting the nanofibers at points between ends of the strand. This is in contrast to the true twist technique where one end of a strand is fixed and the opposing end of the strand is rotated to introduce the twist to intervening portions of yarn.

A method of manufacturing multi-ply separable textured yarn, the method comprising, passing a multi-ply separable interlaced filament yarn through a texturizing unit to form a multi-ply separable draw textured yarn, wherein the multi-ply separable interlaced filament yarn is separable in to at least two separable interlaced filament yarn, wherein the interlacing 10 of the filaments within each separable interlaced filament yarn is retained during further processing of the yarn to fabric and in the fabric.

A high thread/yarn count woven textile fabric (800) is provided. The high thread/yarn count woven textile fabric (800) includes a plurality of warps (810), and a plurality of wefts (820). The high thread/yarn count woven textile fabric (800) having 250 to 3000 picks per inch in the weft (820) which can be extended upto 6000. Further, at least two recycled separable multi-filament parallel yarn picks are woven in groups together in the weft (820). It is provided that the recycled separable multi-filament parallel picks are separable and distinguishable from other picks very clearly. Furthermore, a denier of the recycled separable multi-filament yarn is range from 5 to 50. Usually, the thread/yarn count of woven textile fabric (800) is in between 400 to 3000 which can go upto 6000.

Provided is a strand extending in the longitudinal direction, wherein the strand includes filaments of one type having a gradient-length effect through spiral rotational twists and an irregular fine texture through self-thermal shrinking. The filaments of the strand have natural coiling characteristics that are very similar to those of natural hair of black people, and these characteristics are caused by the facts that the filaments have 3-dimensional waveforms occurred due to many fine and irregular windings or projections and that the waveforms exhibit fractal structure features and a fine kinky texture.

Provided is a strand extending in the longitudinal direction, wherein the strand includes filaments of one type having a gradient-length effect through spiral rotational twists and an irregular fine texture through self-thermal shrinking. The filaments of the strand have natural coiling characteristics that are very similar to those of natural hair of black people, and these characteristics are caused by the facts that the filaments have 3-dimensional waveforms occurred due to many fine and irregular windings or projections and that the waveforms exhibit fractal structure features and a fine kinky texture.

A method of generating a coiled actuator fiber that includes twisting a fiber to generate a twisted fiber; wrapping the twisted fiber around a core yarn or fiber to generate a coil in the twisted fiber, which generates a coiled twisted fiber; setting the coiled twisted fiber by heat or chemical treatment; and removing at least a portion of the core yarn or fiber to generate a coiled actuator fiber.

Nerve scaffolds are described that include a tubular outer housing fabricated from a biocompatible polymer, within which are disposed a plurality of carbon nanofiber yarns. The carbon nanofiber yarns, which can be separated by distances roughly corresponding to an average nerve fiber diameter, provide surfaces on which nerve fibers can regrow. Because the proximate carbon nanofiber yarns can support individual nerve fibers, a nerve can be regenerated with a reduced likelihood of undesirable outcomes, such as nerve pain or reduced nerve function.

A method is provided for manufacturing an elastic core yarn (50) in which a core (30) comprises an elastic fibre (10) and a continuous yarn (20) arranged along elastic fibre (10), and in which a covering yarn (40) of such a natural material as flax, hemp, rami, bamboo, jute, is helically wrapped about the core (30). A step of helically wrapping the core (30) with the covering yarn (40) is carried out in such a way that a number T of coils covering yarn (40) is formed about a length unit of the elastic fibre (10) larger than a predetermined minimum value depending on the linear mass density Nm of covering yarn (40), and that the covering yarn (40) becomes twisted with a final twist direction S or Z that is opposite to an initial twist direction Z or S, respectively, the step of wrapping occurring in a wrapping space (35) enclosed within a container (67).