A method of making a three-dimensional web is provided. The method comprises spinning continuous filaments from a spinneret, moving the spun continuous filaments along a travel path having an end, and rotating a collection surface at or proximate to the end of the travel path. The collection surface comprises cavities and land areas. The land areas are tangentially planar with an outer surface of the collection surface. The cavities are recessed with respect to the outer surface of the collection surface. The method comprises applying a fluid pressure to the collection surface and collecting the filaments on the collection surface to create an intermediate three-dimensional web having first regions formed in the cavities and second regions formed on the land areas. The first and second regions differ in at least one intensive property. The method comprises bonding the intermediate web using a bonding operation to form a final three-dimensional web.

A method for producing a multifilament including 50 or more single filaments by melt spinning is provided. The method includes the steps of (A) obtaining 50 or more raw filaments in a molten state by discharging a composition including a poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) resin from a spinning nozzle, and (B) cooling the raw filaments by blowing gas onto the raw filaments in the molten state. The spinning nozzle includes a nozzle surface including 50 or more discharge holes. The nozzle surface is segmented into a central region and a peripheral region surrounding the central region. An outer edge of the central region and an outer edge of the peripheral region are similar in shape to each other and share a same area centroid. A similarity ratio between the outer edge of the central region and the outer edge of the peripheral region is 1:2.

A method for producing a multifilament including 50 or more single filaments by melt spinning is provided. The method includes the steps of (A) obtaining 50 or more raw filaments in a molten state by discharging a composition including a poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) resin from a spinning nozzle, and (B) cooling the raw filaments by blowing gas onto the raw filaments in the molten state. The spinning nozzle includes a nozzle surface including 50 or more discharge holes. The nozzle surface is segmented into a central region and a peripheral region surrounding the central region. An outer edge of the central region and an outer edge of the peripheral region are similar in shape to each other and share a same area centroid. A similarity ratio between the outer edge of the central region and the outer edge of the peripheral region is 1:2.

A spunbonded nonwovens is made by first spinning thermoplastic continuous filaments and emitting them from a spinneret in a direction and then passing the filaments in the direction through a cooling chamber. Meanwhile cooling air is fed from respective manifolds flanking the chamber into the chamber to cool the filaments and the cooling air is guided into the manifolds through respective manifolds and through respective planar homogenizing elements each having a plurality of openings forming a free open surface area constituting 1 to 40% of the total surface area of the respective planar homogenizing element. The cooling air passes from the planar homogenizing element into the cooling chamber through a flow straightener.

The present invention relates to recycled polyester yarn using waste fabric. The recycled polyester yarn produced by the method, which includes steps of: adding a predetermined chain extender to a polyester resin in which waste fabric woven with polyester yarn is melted to prevent the viscosity of the melted recycled polyester resin from dropping, and by adding a low melting point alloy agent having low melting point and low crystallinity, thereby improving extrusion (workability) in a process of melting and spinning the recycled polyester yarn and having physical properties equivalent to virgin polyester yarn.

The present invention relates to recycled polyester yarn using waste fabric. The recycled polyester yarn produced by the method, which includes steps of: adding a predetermined chain extender to a polyester resin in which waste fabric woven with polyester yarn is melted to prevent the viscosity of the melted recycled polyester resin from dropping, and by adding a low melting point alloy agent having low melting point and low crystallinity, thereby improving extrusion (workability) in a process of melting and spinning the recycled polyester yarn and having physical properties equivalent to virgin polyester yarn.

A method of manufacturing an artificial turf fiber includes extruding a polymer mixture through at least one fiber profile opening of an extrusion plate to form an artificial turf fiber, where the fiber profile opening includes first and second end portion openings and a curved middle portion opening has at least one spine opening proximate to at least one end portion opening, allowing the extruded polymer mixture to travel along a distance between the fiber profile opening to a quenching unit, where the at least one spine opening is sized and positioned such that a net polymer mass flow in the extruded polymer mixture from a position of the spine opening to the at least one end portion of the fiber proximate the spine opening occurs before the fiber is quenched, and quenching the extruded polymer mixture in the quenching unit to form the artificial turf fiber.

The present application discloses a polyamide 5X fiber, wherein raw materials for producing the polyamide 5X fiber comprise at least 1,5-pentane diamine and a long carbon chain diacid; or comprises a polyamide 5X obtained by the polymerization of 1,5-pentane diamine and a long carbon chain diacid as monomers. The 1,5-pentane diamine or the long carbon chain diacid are produced from bio-based raw materials by a fermentation process or an enzymatic conversion process; and the long carbon chain diacid is at least one of C6-20 aliphatic long carbon chain diacids. The long carbon chain diacid is at least one of C6-20 aliphatic long carbon chain diacids. The polyamide 5X fiber includes pre-oriented yarns, drawn textured yarns, fully drawn yarns, staple fibers, industrial yarns, continuous bulked filaments and monofilaments, preferably pre-oriented yarns, drawn textured yarns and/or fully drawn yarns. The raw materials used for producing the polyamide 5X resin are prepared by biological processes, and are green materials. The polyamide 5X fiber has good mechanical properties, dimensional stability, softness, quick-drying performance and dyeing properties.

The present application discloses a polyamide 5X fiber, wherein raw materials for producing the polyamide 5X fiber comprise at least 1,5-pentane diamine and a long carbon chain diacid; or comprises a polyamide 5X obtained by the polymerization of 1,5-pentane diamine and a long carbon chain diacid as monomers. The 1,5-pentane diamine or the long carbon chain diacid are produced from bio-based raw materials by a fermentation process or an enzymatic conversion process; and the long carbon chain diacid is at least one of C6-20 aliphatic long carbon chain diacids. The long carbon chain diacid is at least one of C6-20 aliphatic long carbon chain diacids. The polyamide 5X fiber includes pre-oriented yarns, drawn textured yarns, fully drawn yarns, staple fibers, industrial yarns, continuous bulked filaments and monofilaments, preferably pre-oriented yarns, drawn textured yarns and/or fully drawn yarns. The raw materials used for producing the polyamide 5X resin are prepared by biological processes, and are green materials. The polyamide 5X fiber has good mechanical properties, dimensional stability, softness, quick-drying performance and dyeing properties.

This invention relates to polyvinyl alcohol fibers, methods of making polyvinyl alcohol fibers and products manufactured from polyvinyl alcohol fibers. The invention relates particularly but not exclusively to products comprising extruded polyvinyl alcohol fibers, methods of making extruded polyvinyl alcohol fibers and products incorporating such fibers.