Porous, binderless ceramic surface modification materials are described, and applications of use thereof. The ceramic surface material is in the form of an interconnected network of porous ceramic material on a substrate. The ceramic material may include a metal oxide, a metal hydroxide, and/or hydrates thereof, or a metal carbonate or metal phosphate, on a substrate surface. The substrate may be in the form of a metal or polymer particulate, powder, extrudate, or flakes.

The invention relates to antimicrobial and/or antiviral fabric compositions comprising ascorbic acid, citric acid, sodium hypophosphite, or a mixture thereof. The ascorbic acid may be covalently attached to at least one cellulosic portion of the fabric composition. The invention also relates to methods for preparing such fabric compositions.

In a preferred embodiment, there is provided a modified fabric composition, the composition comprising a fabric member and an electroactive member for storing energy, wherein the fabric member comprises a fabric framework defining a deformable plane and a plurality of projections extending at an angle from the plane, and wherein the electroactive member is coupled to at least one of the projections.

A solid particulate reactive sorbent for decontaminating toxic chemical and biological agents and its method of making. The reactive sorbent comprising a plurality of aggregates formed from linked hydrophilic nanoparticles and individual nanoparticles that bind at least one detoxifier, such that the sorbent absorbs the agents, allowing the detoxifier to oxidize and decontaminate the agents for removal. More preferably, the hydrophilic nanoparticles comprise fumed silica and the detoxifier comprises hydrogen peroxide.

An article of apparel and method of making the article of apparel for a wearer is disclosed herein. In at least one embodiment, the article of apparel comprises a fabric defining a first, inner surface facing the wearer, and a second, outer surface opposite the first surface. A plurality of compression areas are formed along the inner fabric surface, each compression area comprising compressed yarns. A sealing agent effective to reduce the air permeability of the fabric is applied to each compression area. The sealing agent secures the yarns in a compressed state.

An article of apparel and method of making the article of apparel for a wearer is disclosed herein. In at least one embodiment, the article of apparel comprises a fabric defining a first, inner surface facing the wearer, and a second, outer surface opposite the first surface. A plurality of compression areas are formed along the inner fabric surface, each compression area comprising compressed yarns. A sealing agent effective to reduce the air permeability of the fabric is applied to each compression area. The sealing agent secures the yarns in a compressed state.

The object of the invention is a composition for impregnating other materials, rendering them able to shield alternating electromagnetic fields in the range from low frequencies up to radio frequencies, containing an aqueous solution of salt that may form hydrates or a combination of salts, of which at least one forms a hydrate, characterised in that it contains an acrylic and/or styrene-acrylic dispersion and/or silicone emulsion and/or enhancing additives selected from a group containing surfactants and/or aluminosilicates and silicates and/or soluble and insoluble calcium compounds, metal and metalloid oxides, while an alternating field is shielded at least in range from 10.sup.−2 Hz to 10.sup.6 Hz and its application for coating/impregnating fibrous and/or porous matrix and materials containing the thereof.

The object of the invention is a composition for impregnating other materials, rendering them able to shield alternating electromagnetic fields in the range from low frequencies up to radio frequencies, containing an aqueous solution of salt that may form hydrates or a combination of salts, of which at least one forms a hydrate, characterised in that it contains an acrylic and/or styrene-acrylic dispersion and/or silicone emulsion and/or enhancing additives selected from a group containing surfactants and/or aluminosilicates and silicates and/or soluble and insoluble calcium compounds, metal and metalloid oxides, while an alternating field is shielded at least in range from 10.sup.−2 Hz to 10.sup.6 Hz and its application for coating/impregnating fibrous and/or porous matrix and materials containing the thereof.

Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to coated substrates having, e.g., anti-viral properties, to articles including the coated substrates, and to processes for making such coated substrates and articles. In an embodiment, a mask for preventing infection by a virus is provided. The mask includes a coated substrate having a breathing resistance (95 L/min, EN 149:2001) of about 6 mbar or less and a water droplet absorption time of less than about 5 seconds. The coated substrate includes a non-woven fabric having a weight of about 120 g/m.sup.2 or less according to ASTM D3776, and mineral oxide particles, iron oxide particles, or both, coupled to at least a portion of the non-woven fabric.

In a preferred embodiment, there is provided a modified fabric composition, the composition comprising a fabric member and an electroactive member for storing energy, wherein the fabric member comprises a fabric framework defining a deformable plane and a plurality of projections extending at an angle from the plane, and wherein the electroactive member is coupled to at least one of the projections.