The present disclosure relates to a composition for increasing the expression of a blood coagulation factor gene, which contains core-shell structured microparticles as an active ingredient. When administered in vivo along with blood coagulation factor VIII gene or a variant gene thereof, the composition for increasing the expression of a blood coagulation factor gene of the present disclosure can increase the expression of the gene by at least 30%. When administered along with a gene therapeutic agent, the composition can achieve a therapeutic effect even with a very small amount of a gene, and thus is useful.

Methods of treating or suppressing oxidative stress diseases and symptoms related to oxidative stress affecting normal electron flow in the cells or caused by reactive oxygen species with redox-active therapeutics. Use of redox-active therapeutics for the reduction, suppression or treatment of oxidative stress induced by chemical agents such as contrast agents and other nephrotoxic agents, by radiation exposure, and by disruptions in the transport of oxygen to tissues, is disclosed.

Methods of treating or suppressing oxidative stress diseases and symptoms related to oxidative stress affecting normal electron flow in the cells or caused by reactive oxygen species with redox-active therapeutics. Use of redox-active therapeutics for the reduction, suppression or treatment of oxidative stress induced by chemical agents such as contrast agents and other nephrotoxic agents, by radiation exposure, and by disruptions in the transport of oxygen to tissues, is disclosed.

The present invention provides methods for determining the selectivity of an anesthetic for an anesthetic-sensitive receptor by determining the molar water solubility of the anesthetic. The invention further provides methods for modulating the selectivity of an anesthetic for an anesthetic-sensitive receptor by altering or modifying the anesthetic to have higher or lower water solubility. The invention further provides methods of inducing anesthesia in a subject by administering via the respiratory pathways (e.g., via inhalational or pulmonary delivery) an effective amount of an anesthetic compound identified according to the present methods.

The present invention provides methods for determining the selectivity of an anesthetic for an anesthetic-sensitive receptor by determining the molar water solubility of the anesthetic. The invention further provides methods for modulating the selectivity of an anesthetic for an anesthetic-sensitive receptor by altering or modifying the anesthetic to have higher or lower water solubility. The invention further provides methods of inducing anesthesia in a subject by administering via the respiratory pathways (e.g., via inhalational or pulmonary delivery) an effective amount of an anesthetic compound identified according to the present methods.

The present invention relates to fluorinated and alkylated bile acids.

The present description relates to an emulsion comprising an amphiphilic compound, a first phase comprising droplets including at least one perfluorocarbon compound and a second phase, which is aqueous. The droplets have a diameter d.sub.4,3 of between 0.5 pm and 5.5 pm, and the at least one perfluorocarbon compound has a boiling point above 100° C. The present description also relates to such an emulsion for use as an improving agent in ultrasound ablation surgery (FIG. 3).

The present disclosure relates to a composition for increasing the expression of a blood coagulation factor gene, which contains core-shell structured microparticles as an active ingredient. When administered in vivo along with blood coagulation factor VIII gene or a variant gene thereof, the composition for increasing the expression of a blood coagulation factor gene of the present disclosure can increase the expression of the gene by at least 30%. When administered along with a gene therapeutic agent, the composition can achieve a therapeutic effect even with a very small amount of a gene, and thus is useful.

The present disclosure relates to a composition for increasing the expression of a growth factor gene, which contains core-shell structured microparticles as an active ingredient. When administered in vivo along with a growth factor gene, the composition for increasing the expression of a growth factor gene of the present disclosure can increase the expression of the co-administered gene by at least 30%. Especially, when administered along with at least one gene selected from a human hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) gene, an isoform gene of the human hepatocyte growth factor and a variant gene thereof, or at least one gene selected from a human insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) gene, an isoform gene of the human insulin-like growth factor 1 and a variant gene thereof, which are appropriate for the present disclosure, the composition can increase the expression of the gene by at least 30%. When administered along with a gene therapeutic agent, the composition can achieve a therapeutic effect even with a very small amount of a gene, and thus is useful.

The present disclosure relates to a composition for increasing the expression of a growth factor gene, which contains core-shell structured microparticles as an active ingredient. When administered in vivo along with a growth factor gene, the composition for increasing the expression of a growth factor gene of the present disclosure can increase the expression of the co-administered gene by at least 30%. Especially, when administered along with at least one gene selected from a human hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) gene, an isoform gene of the human hepatocyte growth factor and a variant gene thereof, or at least one gene selected from a human insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) gene, an isoform gene of the human insulin-like growth factor 1 and a variant gene thereof, which are appropriate for the present disclosure, the composition can increase the expression of the gene by at least 30%. When administered along with a gene therapeutic agent, the composition can achieve a therapeutic effect even with a very small amount of a gene, and thus is useful.