The novel flexible electrodes disclosed herein utilize the low bending stiffness of electrospun nanofiber mats to achieve the material properties required for surgical implantation and sustained bidirectional communication with peripheral nerves without compromising electronic functionality. According to certain embodiments disclosed herein, implantable neural electrode probes are provided which comprise a polymeric substrate having proximal and distal ends, an electrode interface at the proximal end of the substrate; at least one neural contact at the distal end of the substrate; and electrically conductive traces formed on the fibrous substrate providing electrical communication between the at least one neural contact and the electrode interface, wherein the substrate comprises a nonwoven mass of polymeric nanofibers.

A contact pressure sensor detects a pressing force applied to a pressed body by a pressing body through a sensor portion disposed between the pressing body and the pressed body, wherein the sensor portion is formed of a knitting yarn including a carbon nanotube yarn, and the sensor portion includes a pressing body contact surface with which the pressing body comes into contact; a pressed body contact surface with which the pressed body comes into contact; knitting yarn intersecting portions formed between the pressing body contact surface and the pressed body contact surface; and void portions formed between the pressing body contact surface and the pressed body contact surface, the void portions being spaces in which the knitting yarn is not disposed.

Provided are textiles comprising one or both of MXene-coated fibers and MXene-coated yarns. The textiles are conductive, electroactive, and the fibers and yarns exhibit favorable mechanical and electrical properties, and can be incorporated into a variety of devices and uses.

A textile-based electrode system includes a first fabric layer having an inner and an outer surface. The inner surface includes a knitted electrode configured to be placed in contact with the skin of a user. A second fabric layer is disposed and configured to contact the outer surface of the first fabric layer. The second fabric layer includes a knitted conductive pathway configured to be electrically coupled to the knitted electrode. Furthermore, a third fabric layer is configured and disposed to contact the second fabric layer. A connector is disposed on the third fabric layer and is configured to be electrically coupled to the knitted conductive pathway. The second fabric layer can be folded about a first fold axis and the third fabric layer can be folded about a second fold axis to place the second fabric layer in contact with the first fabric layer and the third fabric layer.

A textile-based electrode system includes a first fabric layer having an inner and an outer surface. The inner surface includes a knitted electrode configured to be placed in contact with the skin of a user. A second fabric layer is disposed and configured to contact the outer surface of the first fabric layer. The second fabric layer includes a knitted conductive pathway configured to be electrically coupled to the knitted electrode. Furthermore, a third fabric layer is configured and disposed to contact the second fabric layer. A connector is disposed on the third fabric layer and is configured to be electrically coupled to the knitted conductive pathway. The second fabric layer can be folded about a first fold axis and the third fabric layer can be folded about a second fold axis to place the second fabric layer in contact with the first fabric layer and the third fabric layer.

A fabric-based item may include fabric with embedded components. The components may be mechanical components such as an attachment module for removably coupling the fabric-based item to an electronic device housing, and/or the components may be electrical components that are soldered or otherwise electrically coupled to conductive strands in the fabricbased item. Components may be inserted into pockets in the fabric. Regions of the fabric with components may have different properties than regions of the fabric without components. For example, regions with components may be more rigid, less porous, and/or less stretchy than regions without components. Fabric construction and/or fabric materials may change as the fabric transitions from a component-free region to a component region. Components may have alignment features that help align other parts relative to the components.