The disclosure provides methods and compositions for affecting the development of antigen presenting cell (APC, e.g., a macrophage or dendritic cell). The methods include maturing an APC, promoting anti-inflammatory phenotype, promoting development of a T regulatory cell (Treg) from a naive T cell. The methods generally include exposing an APC to a tryptophan derived microbiota metabolite (TDMM), such as an anti-inflammatory or pro-mucosal TDMM, and permitting the APC to mature. In some embodiments, the conditioned APC is exposed to a naive T cell to further promote development of a T regulatory cell (Treg). In some embodiments, the TDMM is selected from the group consisting of indole, indole-3-acetate, 5-hydroxyindole, and indole-3-pyruvate.

The present invention relates to methods for increasing embryo implantation rate in a uterus, for preventing embryo implantation failure in a female subject suffering PCOS and for improving pregnancy rate comprising administering a composition comprising myo-inositol and D-chiro-Inositol in a weight ratio between 1:1 to 9:1 respectively to a female subject suffering PCOS. The invention also relates to a composition comprising myo-inositol and D-chiro-Inositol in a weight ratio between 1:1 to 9:1 respectively for use in the treatment or prevention of PCOS in a female subject, for use in the treatment or prevention of infertility in a female subject suffering polycystic ovary syndrome, or for use in preventing or reducing the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in a female subject suffering polycystic ovary syndrome and subjected to ovary stimulation treatment. The invention also relates to a soft capsule comprising a) a soft capsule shell and b) a pharmaceutical composition comprising myo-inositol and D-chiro-Inositol in a weight ratio between 1:1 to 9:1 respectively.

The present invention relates to methods for increasing embryo implantation rate in a uterus, for preventing embryo implantation failure in a female subject suffering PCOS and for improving pregnancy rate comprising administering a composition comprising myo-inositol and D-chiro-Inositol in a weight ratio between 1:1 to 9:1 respectively to a female subject suffering PCOS. The invention also relates to a composition comprising myo-inositol and D-chiro-Inositol in a weight ratio between 1:1 to 9:1 respectively for use in the treatment or prevention of PCOS in a female subject, for use in the treatment or prevention of infertility in a female subject suffering polycystic ovary syndrome, or for use in preventing or reducing the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in a female subject suffering polycystic ovary syndrome and subjected to ovary stimulation treatment. The invention also relates to a soft capsule comprising a) a soft capsule shell and b) a pharmaceutical composition comprising myo-inositol and D-chiro-Inositol in a weight ratio between 1:1 to 9:1 respectively.

Compositions and methods for alleviating an allergy condition while also reducing a drying effect of an antihistamine and/or treating an infection or at least reducing the prevalence of bacteria or another infectious microorganism. In some embodiments and implementations, a composition may be provided comprising an antihistamine comprising at least one of brompheniramine, cetirizine, clemastine, diphenhydramine, fexofenadine, and loratadine, preferably in a therapeutically effective amount for treating the allergy condition in the human having the allergy condition. The composition may further comprise an anti-microbial and/or anti-drying agent comprising one or more non-hexose, sugar alcohols, such as at least one of xylitol, xylose, erythritol, erythrose, ribose, ketose, and/or arabinose in one or more therapeutically effective amounts for reducing nasal dryness caused by the allergy treatment composition, treating an infection, and/or reducing the prevalence of a microbial organism in a subject’s nasal passage and/or sinus cavities.

Compositions and methods for alleviating an allergy condition while also reducing a drying effect of an antihistamine and/or treating an infection or at least reducing the prevalence of bacteria or another infectious microorganism. In some embodiments and implementations, a composition may be provided comprising an antihistamine comprising at least one of brompheniramine, cetirizine, clemastine, diphenhydramine, fexofenadine, and loratadine, preferably in a therapeutically effective amount for treating the allergy condition in the human having the allergy condition. The composition may further comprise an anti-microbial and/or anti-drying agent comprising one or more non-hexose, sugar alcohols, such as at least one of xylitol, xylose, erythritol, erythrose, ribose, ketose, and/or arabinose in one or more therapeutically effective amounts for reducing nasal dryness caused by the allergy treatment composition, treating an infection, and/or reducing the prevalence of a microbial organism in a subject’s nasal passage and/or sinus cavities.

The present invention discloses a sunflower seed composition rich in pleasant prohormone and anti-depression application thereof, and belongs to the field of extraction and application of natural products. Sunflower seeds used in the composition provided by the present invention are rich in tryptophan and have a high tryptophan/neutral amino acid ratio. After defatting treatment and chlorogenic acid removal treatment, and added part can increase a glycemic index. Glucose and vitamins for promoting absorption conversion of tryptophan and ω-3 fatty acids beneficial to nervous activities enable the sunflower seeds to have a better anti-depression effect. The sunflower seed composition of the present invention can improve concentrations of a monoamine neurotransmitter (serotonin) and dopamine in the brain and has a very good effect of ameliorating and treating depression. This composition uses natural sunflower seeds as raw material and is remarkable in anti-depression effect, rich in source and free of side effects.

The present invention discloses a sunflower seed composition rich in pleasant prohormone and anti-depression application thereof, and belongs to the field of extraction and application of natural products. Sunflower seeds used in the composition provided by the present invention are rich in tryptophan and have a high tryptophan/neutral amino acid ratio. After defatting treatment and chlorogenic acid removal treatment, and added part can increase a glycemic index. Glucose and vitamins for promoting absorption conversion of tryptophan and ω-3 fatty acids beneficial to nervous activities enable the sunflower seeds to have a better anti-depression effect. The sunflower seed composition of the present invention can improve concentrations of a monoamine neurotransmitter (serotonin) and dopamine in the brain and has a very good effect of ameliorating and treating depression. This composition uses natural sunflower seeds as raw material and is remarkable in anti-depression effect, rich in source and free of side effects.

Pharmaceutical compositions containing microbial entities are described herein. The pharmaceutical compositions may optionally contain or be used in conjunction with one or more prebiotics. Uses of the pharmaceutical compositions to treat or prevent disorders of the local or systemic microbiome in a subject are also provided.

Pharmaceutical compositions containing microbial entities are described herein. The pharmaceutical compositions may optionally contain or be used in conjunction with one or more prebiotics. Uses of the pharmaceutical compositions to treat or prevent disorders of the local or systemic microbiome in a subject are also provided.

Described herein are methods for modulating a transsynaptic signal through a neuroepithelial circuit between a gut sensory cell and the brain, as well as methods that involve modulating a transsynaptic signal through a neuroepithelial circuit between a gut sensory cell and the brain. In one aspect, the transsynaptic signal is modulated by glutamate or ATP.