Disclosed herein are nucleosides, nucleotide analogs, methods of synthesizing nucleotide analogs and methods of treating diseases and/or conditions such as a Filoviridae virus infection with one or more nucleosides and/or nucleotide analogs.

8-Hydroxy quinoline derivative compounds for enhancing telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) expression, and methods for using the same, are provided. These compounds and methods find use in a variety of applications in which increased expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase is desired.

8-Hydroxy quinoline derivative compounds for enhancing telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) expression, and methods for using the same, are provided. These compounds and methods find use in a variety of applications in which increased expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase is desired.

Provided are methods for treating cancer using local administration of certain CpG oligonucleotides (CpG ODN) and systemic administration of a checkpoint inhibitor such as an anti-PD-1 antibody, an anti-PD-L1 antibody, and/or an anti-CTLA-4 antibody. In preferred embodiments, the CpG ODN are selected based on their propensity to induce high amounts of interferon alpha (IFN-α) and T-cell activation relative to interleukin-10 (IL-10) and B-cell activation. In certain embodiments, the methods further include pretreatment with radiotherapy, to potentiate the combination immunotherapy.

Provided are methods for treating cancer using local administration of certain CpG oligonucleotides (CpG ODN) and systemic administration of a checkpoint inhibitor such as an anti-PD-1 antibody, an anti-PD-L1 antibody, and/or an anti-CTLA-4 antibody. In preferred embodiments, the CpG ODN are selected based on their propensity to induce high amounts of interferon alpha (IFN-α) and T-cell activation relative to interleukin-10 (IL-10) and B-cell activation. In certain embodiments, the methods further include pretreatment with radiotherapy, to potentiate the combination immunotherapy.

Processes for the preparation of phosphorylated heptose compounds are provided. Embodiments of the invention relate to the chemical synthesis of heptopyranose phosphate compounds. Also, embodiments of the invention relate to the use of compounds according to the invention in modulating an immune response in a subject.

Aspects of the invention provide compositions for use in the treatment galectin-dependent diseases. In particular, compositions comprising a selectively depolymerized, branched galactoarabino-rhamnogalacturonate whose backbone is predominantly comprised of 1,4-linked galacturonic acid (GalA) moieties, with a lesser backbone composition of alternating 1,4-linked GalA and 1,2-linked rhamnose (Rha), which in-turn is linked to any number of side chains, including predominantly 1,4-b-D-galactose (Gal) and 1,5-a-L-arabinose (Ara) residues.

Aspects of the invention provide compositions for use in the treatment galectin-dependent diseases. In particular, compositions comprising a selectively depolymerized, branched galactoarabino-rhamnogalacturonate whose backbone is predominantly comprised of 1,4-linked galacturonic acid (GalA) moieties, with a lesser backbone composition of alternating 1,4-linked GalA and 1,2-linked rhamnose (Rha), which in-turn is linked to any number of side chains, including predominantly 1,4-b-D-galactose (Gal) and 1,5-a-L-arabinose (Ara) residues.

The invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for intranasal administration comprising a salt of sumatriptan or a physiologically acceptable solvate thereof, an alkyl glycoside or saccharide alkyl ester and optionally at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, wherein the said composition provides T.sub.max value of less than 30 minutes upon said administration. Other aspects and embodiments are contemplated and described.

The invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition for intranasal administration comprising a triptan, a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle and a mucosal permeation enhancer, wherein upon said administration said composition provides a T.sub.max substantially equivalent to subcutaneous administration of said triptan. Other aspects and embodiments are contemplated and described.

The invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for intranasal administration comprising a salt of sumatriptan or a physiologically acceptable solvate thereof, an alkyl glycoside or saccharide alkyl ester and optionally at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, wherein the said composition provides T.sub.max value of less than 30 minutes upon said administration. Other aspects and embodiments are contemplated and described.

The invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition for intranasal administration comprising a triptan, a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle and a mucosal permeation enhancer, wherein upon said administration said composition provides a T.sub.max substantially equivalent to subcutaneous administration of said triptan. Other aspects and embodiments are contemplated and described.