The present invention relates to the field of viral disorders, and in particular to the use of natural compounds to inhibit viruses and viral infection. Compositions comprising NGNA are provided for treating or preventing viral infections, such as those causing the common cold.

The present disclosure provides a biochemical basis of nephrotic syndrome and provides and explanation for the observed proteinuria and other effects. As a result, the present disclosure provides method for treating and/or preventing nephrotic syndrome as well as methods of alleviating symptoms associated with nephrotic syndrome. The present disclosure further provides methods for reducing proteinuria in nephrotic syndrome and other disease states as discussed herein.

The present disclosure provides a biochemical basis of nephrotic syndrome and provides and explanation for the observed proteinuria and other effects. As a result, the present disclosure provides method for treating and/or preventing nephrotic syndrome as well as methods of alleviating symptoms associated with nephrotic syndrome. The present disclosure further provides methods for reducing proteinuria in nephrotic syndrome and other disease states as discussed herein.

The invention is intended to provide an excellent antitumor agent. An antitumor agent contains a glycolipid glycoside compound represented by Formula (1) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient: ##STR00001##
in the formula, R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 are the same as or different from each other and represent an alkanoyl group or a hydrogen atom, and A represents a sugar alcohol residue or a polyol residue.

The invention is intended to provide an excellent antitumor agent. An antitumor agent contains a glycolipid glycoside compound represented by Formula (1) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient: ##STR00001##
in the formula, R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 are the same as or different from each other and represent an alkanoyl group or a hydrogen atom, and A represents a sugar alcohol residue or a polyol residue.

A method of treating a coronavirus infection involves administering an inhibitor of the Neu1 sialidase-G protein-coupled receptor-Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Neu1-GPCR-MMP9) signaling platform, in particular administering intravenously or by inhalation to a patient infected with COVID-19 and its variants a therapeutically effective amount of oseltamivir phosphate, preferably in conjunction with the oral administration of aspirin, in order to reduce the symptoms of respiratory compromise and/or prevent Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).

A method of treating a coronavirus infection involves administering an inhibitor of the Neu1 sialidase-G protein-coupled receptor-Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Neu1-GPCR-MMP9) signaling platform, in particular administering intravenously or by inhalation to a patient infected with COVID-19 and its variants a therapeutically effective amount of oseltamivir phosphate, preferably in conjunction with the oral administration of aspirin, in order to reduce the symptoms of respiratory compromise and/or prevent Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).

A method for applying ultrasound to activate a cavitation enhancing agent in the presence of a therapeutic compound and a microbial biofilm is provided. The ultrasound energy causes the cavitation enhancing agent to cavitate in the ultrasound field. The cavitation of the resultant bubble causes fluid streaming and shear forces at and near the biofilm, causing enhanced penetration of the therapeutic compound into the biofilm, and resulting in improved efficacy of the therapeutic compound against the biofilm. The method further includes cavitation enhancing agents which can be loaded with oxygen gas or combined with microbubbles which carry oxygen gas, which further potentiate antibiotic efficacy against the biofilm.

Disclosed herein are methods of treating HIBM in a subject comprising identifying subject in need thereof; and administering to the subject a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, glycol, peptidyl, or prodrug thereof, wherein the compound is a compound that is biosynthesized in a wild type individual along a biochemical pathway between glucose and sialic acid, inclusive. Also disclosed herein are vectors comprising a nucleic acid sequence that encodes a polypeptide having at least 80% sequence identity to the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:2, recombinant cells comprising these vectors, and recombinant animals comprising the cells. In addition, methods of identifying a compound having therapeutic effect for HIBM are disclosed.

Disclosed herein are methods of treating HIBM in a subject comprising identifying subject in need thereof; and administering to the subject a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, glycol, peptidyl, or prodrug thereof, wherein the compound is a compound that is biosynthesized in a wild type individual along a biochemical pathway between glucose and sialic acid, inclusive. Also disclosed herein are vectors comprising a nucleic acid sequence that encodes a polypeptide having at least 80% sequence identity to the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:2, recombinant cells comprising these vectors, and recombinant animals comprising the cells. In addition, methods of identifying a compound having therapeutic effect for HIBM are disclosed.