The invention provides a substantially antigen-free composition for induction of innate immune response in a bird or a mammal, the composition comprising a saponin, a sterol, a quaternary amine, and a polyacrylic polymer to the mammal or bird. Methods of using the composition are also provided.

The invention provides lipid A mimics in which one or both of the sugar residues of a natural lipid A disaccharide backbone has been replaced with an aromatic group. These lipid A mimics may further differ from a natural lipid A molecule with respect to other structural characteristics, such as, a different number of phosphate groups present, changes in the number, structure and location of lipid chains and/or changes in the spacing and linkage of the sugar residues (or their aromatic replacements). The lipid A mimics may be lipid A agonists and as such may be useful as immunostimulatory agents in inducing or patenting an antibody and/or cell-mediated immune response, or may be lipid A antagonists and as such may be useful in treating or preventing a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/lipid A-mediated disease or disorder. Also provided are methods for preparing the lipid A mimics.

The invention provides lipid A mimics in which one or both of the sugar residues of a natural lipid A disaccharide backbone has been replaced with an aromatic group. These lipid A mimics may further differ from a natural lipid A molecule with respect to other structural characteristics, such as, a different number of phosphate groups present, changes in the number, structure and location of lipid chains and/or changes in the spacing and linkage of the sugar residues (or their aromatic replacements). The lipid A mimics may be lipid A agonists and as such may be useful as immunostimulatory agents in inducing or patenting an antibody and/or cell-mediated immune response, or may be lipid A antagonists and as such may be useful in treating or preventing a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/lipid A-mediated disease or disorder. Also provided are methods for preparing the lipid A mimics.

Disclosed herein is a method for improving the health of animal or human microflora using aloe vera. A method of purifying decolorized dried aloe vera leaf juice is also disclosed. The method may include removing an aloe vera leaf from an aloe vera plant, washing and/or sanitizing the leaf, and grinding the leaf into a slurry and subsequently purifying with activated carbon. The method may remove pigmented substances including the undesirable phenolic compounds present in aloe vera latex, and in particular the anthrones aloin A and aloin B, aloesin (a chromone) and aloe-emodin (an anthraquinone). Following purification, the liquid juice may then be spray-dried to form a final dry juice powder.

The invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for intranasal administration comprising a salt of sumatriptan or a physiologically acceptable solvate thereof, an alkyl glycoside or saccharide alkyl ester and optionally at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, wherein the said composition provides T.sub.max value of less than 30 minutes upon said administration. Other aspects and embodiments are contemplated and described.

The invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition for intranasal administration comprising a triptan, a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle and a mucosal permeation enhancer, wherein upon said administration said composition provides a T.sub.max substantially equivalent to subcutaneous administration of said triptan. Other aspects and embodiments are contemplated and described.

The invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for intranasal administration comprising a salt of sumatriptan or a physiologically acceptable solvate thereof, an alkyl glycoside or saccharide alkyl ester and optionally at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, wherein the said composition provides T.sub.max value of less than 30 minutes upon said administration. Other aspects and embodiments are contemplated and described.

The invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition for intranasal administration comprising a triptan, a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle and a mucosal permeation enhancer, wherein upon said administration said composition provides a T.sub.max substantially equivalent to subcutaneous administration of said triptan. Other aspects and embodiments are contemplated and described.

The invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for intranasal administration comprising a salt of sumatriptan or a physiologically acceptable solvate thereof, an alkyl glycoside or saccharide alkyl ester and optionally at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, wherein the said composition provides T.sub.max value of less than 30 minutes upon said administration. Other aspects and embodiments are contemplated and described.

The invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition for intranasal administration comprising a triptan, a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle and a mucosal permeation enhancer, wherein upon said administration said composition provides a T.sub.max substantially equivalent to subcutaneous administration of said triptan. Other aspects and embodiments are contemplated and described.

The present invention relates to methods of treating immune disorders and/or inflammation using certain modulator compounds. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of treating an immune and inflammatory disorders disorder by administering a composition comprising a therapeutically effective dosage of an ascaroside compound, or a mixture of ascaroside compounds, or a mixture containing at least one ascaroside.

The present invention relates to methods of treating immune disorders and/or inflammation using certain modulator compounds. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of treating an immune and inflammatory disorders disorder by administering a composition comprising a therapeutically effective dosage of an ascaroside compound, or a mixture of ascaroside compounds, or a mixture containing at least one ascaroside.

The present invention relates to the use of organic and highly water-soluble compatible solutes or a solute mixture, preferably in the form of an inhalable, oropharyngeally, nasally and intravenously administrable composition, in the prevention or treatment of diseases caused by ss(+)RNA viruses of the Coronavriridae family, preferably of those diseases caused by SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63 and/or HCoV-229E. Particularly suitable solutes in the meaning of the invention are ectoine and its derivatives, Glycoin, mannosylglycerate (Firoin) and mannosylglyceramide (Firoin-A), which, due to their strong water-binding capacity, reduce the binding of the viruses to the receptors of the host cell in the transitional epithelium, e.g. eye, in the internal epithelium, e.g. lung, and in the endothelium and thus reduce or prevent the multiplication of the viruses. According to the invention, prevention is enabled by a reduced infectious sputum and breath, and treatment and rehabilitation of the affected tissues is enabled by the membrane protective properties of the compatible solutes according to the invention.