A method of promoting bone health in a moderately malnourished individual is provided. The method includes treating the moderately malnourished individual with a nutritional composition that contains a carbohydrate blend. The carbohydrate blend includes a source of at least one carbohydrate that provides rapidly available glucose, a source of at least one carbohydrate that provides slowly available glucose, and a source of at least one non-digestible carbohydrate or resistant starch.

A method of promoting bone health in a moderately malnourished individual is provided. The method includes treating the moderately malnourished individual with a nutritional composition that contains a carbohydrate blend. The carbohydrate blend includes a source of at least one carbohydrate that provides rapidly available glucose, a source of at least one carbohydrate that provides slowly available glucose, and a source of at least one non-digestible carbohydrate or resistant starch.

Described herein are methods of reducing, preventing, or reducing the risk of, an adverse effect of a pathogen. In some embodiments, the pathogen is a drug resistant pathogen.

Described herein are methods of reducing, preventing, or reducing the risk of, an adverse effect of a pathogen. In some embodiments, the pathogen is a drug resistant pathogen.

Provided herein are compounds, compositions and methods for balancing a T-helper cell profile and in particular Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cell profiles, and related methods and compositions for treating or preventing an inflammatory condition associated with an imbalance of a T-helper cell profile.

Provided herein are compounds, compositions and methods for balancing a T-helper cell profile and in particular Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cell profiles, and related methods and compositions for treating or preventing an inflammatory condition associated with an imbalance of a T-helper cell profile.

The present invention relates to an alginic oligosaccharic diacid composition comprising a mannuronic diacid of Formula (IV) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein n is an integer selected from 1 to 9, m is selected from 0, 1 or 2, m′ is selected from 0 or 1, and wherein the total weight of alginic oligosaccharic diacid wherein n=1-5 accounts for more than 60% of the total weight of the composition; the total weight of guluronic acids accounts for less than 50% of the total weight of the composition. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to an alginic oligosaccharic diacid composition comprising a mannuronic diacid of Formula (IV) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein n is an integer selected from 1 to 9, m is selected from 0, 1 or 2, m′ is selected from 0 or 1, and wherein the total weight of alginic oligosaccharic diacid wherein n=1-5 accounts for more than 60% of the total weight of the composition; the total weight of guluronic acids accounts for less than 50% of the total weight of the composition. ##STR00001##

Disclosed herein is an ingestible composition comprising a sphingan and its use as a prebiotic.

Disclosed herein is an ingestible composition comprising a sphingan and its use as a prebiotic.