An under sleeper pad (1) for fastening to an underside, situated opposite rails (2), of a sleeper (3), with the under sleeper pad (1) having at least one first, preferably porous material component (4) and at least one second porous material component (5) different than the first material component (4), the first material component (4) being more elastic than the second material component (5) and the second material component (5) being more plastic than the first material component (4), the first material component (4) being arranged exclusively in a first layer (6) of the under sleeper pad (1) and the second material component (5) being arranged exclusively in a second layer (7) of the under sleeper pad (1).

An under sleeper pad (1) for fastening to an underside, situated opposite rails (2), of a sleeper (3), with the under sleeper pad (1) having at least one first, preferably porous material component (4) and at least one second porous material component (5) different than the first material component (4), the first material component (4) being more elastic than the second material component (5) and the second material component (5) being more plastic than the first material component (4), the first material component (4) being arranged exclusively in a first layer (6) of the under sleeper pad (1) and the second material component (5) being arranged exclusively in a second layer (7) of the under sleeper pad (1).

A railroad crosstie (tie) may be fabricated from a composite material including a fiber reinforced polymer shell manufactured by pultrusion or other process, and filled by a suitable material, typically selected from expanded elastomeric polymer (such as polyurethane resin or other polymer), concrete, lightweight concrete formed by conventional aggregate, sand, cement, water, and an ultra light filler such as natural materials, sawdust, beads of expanded polymer such as expanded polystyrene, microspheres of glass or plastic, a recycled wooden tie in conjunction with any of the above, or the like. Fasteners may be driven such as spikes, threaded, such as screws, lag screws, spreading screws, rivets, or the like into apertures, pilot holes, or directly into fill absent apertures therein.

A railroad crosstie (tie) may be fabricated from a composite material including a fiber reinforced polymer shell manufactured by pultrusion or other process, and filled by a suitable material, typically selected from expanded elastomeric polymer (such as polyurethane resin or other polymer), concrete, lightweight concrete formed by conventional aggregate, sand, cement, water, and an ultra light filler such as natural materials, sawdust, beads of expanded polymer such as expanded polystyrene, microspheres of glass or plastic, a recycled wooden tie in conjunction with any of the above, or the like. Fasteners may be driven such as spikes, threaded, such as screws, lag screws, spreading screws, rivets, or the like into apertures, pilot holes, or directly into fill absent apertures therein.

One describes a railroad sleeper (1) for fixation of at least a pair of rails (2,2) of a railroad network, comprising a contact surface (3), wherein each rail of the pair of rails (2,2) is fixed spaced apart from each other, the railroad sleeper (1) being configured by comprising a hollow sector (4) delimited by association of the contact surface (3) with the anchorage walls (5,5), thus establishing a free portion (17) adjacent to the anchorage walls (5,5) and opposite the contact surface (3). One further describes an embodiment in which the hollow sector (4) of the railroad sleeper is delimited by a support surface and the process of manufacturing a railroad sleeper.

One describes a railroad sleeper (1) for fixation of at least a pair of rails (2,2) of a railroad network, comprising a contact surface (3), wherein each rail of the pair of rails (2,2) is fixed spaced apart from each other, the railroad sleeper (1) being configured by comprising a hollow sector (4) delimited by association of the contact surface (3) with the anchorage walls (5,5), thus establishing a free portion (17) adjacent to the anchorage walls (5,5) and opposite the contact surface (3). One further describes an embodiment in which the hollow sector (4) of the railroad sleeper is delimited by a support surface and the process of manufacturing a railroad sleeper.

An under sleeper pad (1) to be fastened to an underside (3) of a sleeper (4), on the opposite side from the tracks (2). The under sleeper pad (1) has at least one elastic layer (5) having cork grains (6) of a cork granulate distributed throughout. In addition, the elastic layer (5) has at least one cellular synthetic elastomer (7).

A concrete rail tie has an elongated tie body made of a first concrete material. The elongated tie body has an elongated top surface having a shaped profile. A preformed rail seat crown made of a second concrete material is embedded in the elongated tie body and disposed at a rail seat location of the elongated tie body. The preformed rail seat crown has top side flush with and shaped to match the shaped profile of the elongated top surface of the elongated tie body. And the second concrete material has a greater compressive strength and a greater flexural strength than the first concrete material.

A new type of railway sleeper is composed of fiber-stabilized stoneware. By using a plurality of fiber-layered stone plates bonded to one another in such a way that prestress is generated in the stoneware, a permanently high-performance-capable sleeper is obtained, which is made of natural materials such as granite or basalt which occur almost everywhere on the earth in unlimited quantities and have a substantially longer service life and are substantially more resistant to influences of the weather and the environment than previous solutions. In addition, the sleeper or the intermediate spaces thereof are equipped with photovoltaic modules which together form a power unit when they are coupled together and connected electrically to the rails. Such sleepers can also be partially hollow as a light weight design variant. Lightweight variants with a hollow profile can be filled entirely or partially with track ballast from the side during the laying process.

A new type of railway sleeper is composed of fiber-stabilized stoneware. By using a plurality of fiber-layered stone plates bonded to one another in such a way that prestress is generated in the stoneware, a permanently high-performance-capable sleeper is obtained, which is made of natural materials such as granite or basalt which occur almost everywhere on the earth in unlimited quantities and have a substantially longer service life and are substantially more resistant to influences of the weather and the environment than previous solutions. In addition, the sleeper or the intermediate spaces thereof are equipped with photovoltaic modules which together form a power unit when they are coupled together and connected electrically to the rails. Such sleepers can also be partially hollow as a light weight design variant. Lightweight variants with a hollow profile can be filled entirely or partially with track ballast from the side during the laying process.