A flexible pavement structure comprises a surface layer, a base layer, a sub-base layer, and a subgrade layer. Herein, the surface layer is adjacent to and above the base layer, and the sub-base layer is adjacent to and above the subgrade layer. The flexible pavement structure further comprises a layered system composed of first, second, and third materials different from each other, and is disposed as an interface layer between the base layer and the sub-base layer. The first material is a geotextile fabric selected from a group consisting of polypropylene and polyethylene, providing ground stabilization or reinforcement properties. The second material is a waterproof heat insulation material selected from a group consisting of cross-linked polyethylene foam and laminated aluminum foil, providing waterproofing or impermeability properties. The third material is a glass foamed insulation material.

An underlayment layer is configured to support an artificial turf assembly. The underlayment layer comprises a core with a top side and a bottom side. The top side has a plurality of spaced apart, upwardly oriented projections that define channels suitable for fluid flow along the top side of the core when the underlayment layer is positioned beneath an overlying artificial turf assembly.

A block for geotechnical applications is disclosed, the block having a composite body which is a section of a used wind turbine blade including a part of its leading edge, trailing edge and the windward surface and leeward surface of the used blade. The body is open from above and below. Fragments of the windward surface, leeward surface, leading edge and trailing edge of the used blade are the block's side walls. The inside of the body is filled with a filling material. A method of making a block for geotechnical applications is also disclosed. Under the method, a section is marked on a used wind turbine blade between its tip and root for mounting in a hub. Then, within this section, the block body is cut out, in two cutting planes parallel to each other, in the form of a fragment with a closed cross section, including a part of a leading edge, trailing edge, windward shell and leeward shell of this blade, then this body is filled with a filling material, making its filling.

An underlayment layer is configured to support an artificial turf assembly. The underlayment layer comprises a core with a top side and a bottom side. The top side has a plurality of spaced apart, upwardly oriented projections that define channels suitable for fluid flow along the top side of the core when the underlayment layer is positioned beneath an overlying artificial turf assembly.

Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to impact-attenuating pathways that can be easily installed in outdoor areas, such as an outdoor area associated with a senior or assisted living facility. The impact attenuating pathways of the present disclosure provide a natural looking path having impact attenuation properties that can help prevent life threatening injuries. In addition to the impact attenuation properties, the pathway is configured to withstand regular wear from shoes, canes, crutches, and the like. The impact-attenuating pathway comprises a firm base layer, such as concrete; a cushion layer positioned on top of the base layer; and a wear layer positioned on top of the cushion layer.

A method of slowing an aircraft overrunning a runway, including covering an area adjacent a runway with irregular foamed glass bodies having aspect ratios of about 1:1.9 and diameters of about 10 mm to about 80 mm to define a bed, pouring liquid cement over the foamed glass bodies such that the cement infiltrates at least through the bed, curing the liquid cement to define a composite material of foamed glass bodies in a cementitious matrix, and crushing at least a portion of the composite material with an oncoming aircraft, slowing the aircraft. The composite material is at least 85 volume percent foamed glass bodies. When pouring the cement, the liquid cement flows over and around the foamed glass bodies. The aggregate bodies crush and break up before slip failure occurs when being overrun by an aircraft. The aggregate bodies intersect to define stacking angles of about 35 degrees. The cementitious matrix has a cementitious surface.

An arrestor bed for slowing an aircraft overrunning a runway, including an elongated excavation and a plurality of irregularly shaped foamed glass bodies at least partially filing the excavation. Each respective irregularly shaped foamed glass body has an aspect ratio between 1:1.6 to 1:1.7 and a diameter of about 1 inch. The irregularly shaped foamed glass bodies intersect to define stacking angles of about 35 degrees. Under compression, the irregularly shaped foamed glass bodies crush and break up before slip failure occurs such that the roadbed has a crushing failure mode.

Design and construction method for improving an expansive soil embankment using phosphogypsum and microbes, including the following steps: (1) placing Bacillus pasteurii into a culture medium to prepare a microbial solution, and mixing urea and calcium chloride with water to prepare a cementing fluid; (2) mixing and stirring a mixture, the microbial solution and water, adding the cementing solution well, and mixing the cementing fluid with water to prepare an improved mixture; and (3) leveling and compacting original ground, laying geomembranes, the improved mixture, and geogrids, laying a last layer of geomembrane on the top surface of the embankment after pavement of the embankment, and paving a roadbed. The design and construction method can meet construction requirements of highway embankment projects and roadbed projects of first-grade and other grades of roads, and consume solid waste phosphogypsum.

An underlayment layer is configured to support an artificial turf assembly. The underlayment layer comprises a core with a top side and a bottom side. The top side has a plurality of spaced apart, upwardly oriented projections that define channels suitable for fluid flow along the top side of the core when the underlayment layer is positioned beneath an overlying artificial turf assembly.

An improved sealant packaging and method for use with sealing joints and cracks in pavement and parking lots is provided. Liquid sealant material is poured by volume into a container draped with a sheet. Container is cooled so that the sealant becomes a solid block, with the sheet adhered to the sides of the sealant block such that the sheet forms a container for the sealant. The sheet also acts a release liner for easily removing the sealant block from the container. Two or more contained blocks are stacked together, forming a package of two or more blocks self-sealed by sheets. When the package is placed in a melting kettle, heat migrates through the spaces between the individual sealant blocks and allows the smaller sealant blocks to melt quickly and evenly. Sheet and film melt with sealant material and are incorporated therein to form the final sealant product.