A grass protection mat comprises a body where grass passing spaces are continuously arranged and an outer frame comprising four frames formed in four directions to finish an outer edge of the body, wherein the grass protection mat further comprises at least one hook fastener which horizontally protrudes from a first lateral frame of the outer frame toward a second lateral frame of an outer frame of a neighboring grass protection mat, and wherein the at least one hook fastener is fastened to at least one fastening hole provided in the outer frame of the second grass protection mat adjacent to the first lateral frame and corresponding to the hook fastener of the grass protection mat.

Apparatus and methods for electrically coupling first and second ground covers involves at least first and second electrically-conductive covers configured to be associated with the first and second ground covers, respectively. The electrically-conductive covers are electrically interconnectable with at least one electrical connector.

Modular floor tiles include a first surface configured to receive weight. The first surface is supported by primary walls interior to and extending the full height of the tiles, and which may be intersecting to form a grid. Secondary walls of a lesser height support the primary walls, may be non-linear such as circular, and may support either side of vertices of intersecting primary walls. Joining members and corresponding receivers in the sides of tiles are dimensioned to engage one another from adjacent tiles to join the tiles and restrict lateral movement. Fastener(s) in each tile are associated with slots and may be selectively moved between unlocked and locked positions to restrict vertical movement. Some embodiments include cable channels with corresponding cover plates, and inclined portions providing ramps. Any number and combination of tiles may be connected to one another to form a modular flooring system.

A dual-unit paving system for covering a surface has pairs of first and second units. For each pair, the first and second unit have different respective shapes and sizes, and are configured to be matingly engageable for forming a hexagonal assembly having six, non-linear sides. The hexagonal assembly allows forming rotational tessellations. The first and second units are also shaped and configured to be matingly engageable so as to form horizontally aligned tessellations, and also vertically aligned tessellations.

Apparatus and methods for electrically grounding a support surface includes an at least partially perforated, electrically-conductive cover configured to extend at least partially across the top of the support surface and be electrically grounded to the earth.

Provided is a deck fixing apparatus including a rectangular support plate having a bottom surface which can partially come into contact with the top surface of a lower support; deck fixing parts formed by pressing the both side portions of the support plate and each of the deck fixing parts having a top surface for supporting the bottom surface of a deck and piece-fastened to the deck; and a support fixing part formed by extending a part of one side end of the support plate outwards in a plate surface direction so as to be fixed to the lower support, wherein the support plate has a cutout formed by cutting out a predetermined area inwards at the other side end of the support plate. Therefore, such deck fixing apparatuses can be coupled to each other in an angle-adjustable manner, thereby enabling the curve section construction of decks.

Portable road segments, herein referred to as surface vehicles, include first and second surface vehicles. A female wedge mount is attached to the first surface vehicle. The female wedge mount has a concave contact surface including three or more female contact surface segments an at least two female wedge slots. A male wedge mount is attached to the second surface vehicle. The male wedge mount has a convex contact surface including three or more male contact surface segments and at least two male wedge slots that are aligned with the at least two female wedge slots, respectively, when the convex contact surface of the male wedge mount and the concave contact surface of the female wedge mount are in aligned contact with one another to form an adjacent connection between the first and second surface vehicles. A mechanism includes at least two pins that are movable along the at least two male and female wedge slots, respectively, between unlocked and locked positions.

A system for pavement slab analysis based on data regarding transfer of force through a sensing volume responsive to exertion of weight on the sensing volume by passing objects including a precast pavement slab defining the sensing volume and having a top surface, a plurality of strain gauges embedded in the pavement slab within the sensing volume, and load-transferring connector(s) attaching the pavement slab to an adjacent slab. The strain gauges are distributed across an XY coordinate plane parallel to the top surface. The system also includes a processing element and computer-readable instructions for receipt of electrical signals from the strain gauges and to analysis of the electrical signals to determine one or more of the following: (A) risk of a structural defect in the pavement slab, (B) risk of a problem with underlying sub-grade beneath the pavement slab, and (C) movement of the passing objects across the top surface.

A temporary walkway used in construction areas to allow access to a building before the concrete sidewalk is installed. The temporary walkway has plank sections made up of a panel and a leading and a trailing edge. The leading edge is configured to lock into the trailing edge of an adjacent plank to create a large walk way. The Planks remain locked throughout an upward and downward angle of rotation to account for variance in the terrain.

A lightweight universal panel mat (100, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1100, 1500, 1800, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020) made of plastic or elastomeric material and having a first section that provides a relatively flat, textured or structured top surface to facilitate movement over the mat and a second section having geometry that includes a plurality of cells having top surfaces that support the first section. The panel mats have first, second, third and fourth sides (110,120,135,145) that are configured to matingly engage or connect to the second, third, fourth and first sides, respectively. The connection can be by insertion or snap-locking of one side to another, or by the use of fastening elements that more securely holds the sides together. Thus, similarly configured panel mats can be connected by interlocking to form a temporary support surface, deck, walkway or roadway. Additional side ramps (2030) and adapters (2050) can be used to facilitate installation of the mats (2005, 2010, 2015, 2020) and access to the upper surfaces of the joined mats.