An underlayment layer is configured to support an artificial turf assembly. The underlayment layer comprises plurality of panels, each panel comprising a core with a top side and a bottom side. The top side has a plurality of top projections. The top projections form top side water drainage channels. The panels have edges, with the edges of one panel abutting the edges of adjacent panels, thereby forming a drainage path between adjacent panels. The panel edges have vertical support extensions that extend into the drainage paths between adjacent panels. The vertical support extensions have an upper surface for supporting an artificial turf assembly overlying the turf underlayment layer, and the panel edges having one or more complementary indentations corresponding to vertical support extensions of adjacent panels. When the panels move toward each other, thereby closing drainage paths between adjacent panels, the vertical support extensions are received in the corresponding indentations.

An underlayment layer is configured to support an artificial turf assembly. The underlayment layer comprises plurality of panels, each panel comprising a core with a top side and a bottom side. The top side has a plurality of top projections. The top projections form top side water drainage channels. The panels have edges, with the edges of one panel abutting the edges of adjacent panels, thereby forming a drainage path between adjacent panels. The panel edges have vertical support extensions that extend into the drainage paths between adjacent panels. The vertical support extensions have an upper surface for supporting an artificial turf assembly overlying the turf underlayment layer, and the panel edges having one or more complementary indentations corresponding to vertical support extensions of adjacent panels. When the panels move toward each other, thereby closing drainage paths between adjacent panels, the vertical support extensions are received in the corresponding indentations.

Compositions and methods are presented in which aragonite, and especially oolitic aragonite particles are used as infill material in an artificial turf structure or as sub-growth substrate for natural grass. Advantageously, oolitic aragonite particles provide: a superior microporous surface for effective water saturation to impart thermal control and environmental compatibility; ammonia neutralization of urine by reducing urea hydrolysis with the free calcium presented in the aragonite particles; and aragonite particle uniformity allowing for reduced compaction and desirable water draining.

Compositions and methods are presented in which aragonite, and especially oolitic aragonite particles are used as infill material in an artificial turf structure or as sub-growth substrate for natural grass. Advantageously, oolitic aragonite particles provide: a superior microporous surface for effective water saturation to impart thermal control and environmental compatibility; ammonia neutralization of urine by reducing urea hydrolysis with the free calcium presented in the aragonite particles; and aragonite particle uniformity allowing for reduced compaction and desirable water draining.

Playing surface, in particular a sports floor or playing field. The playing surface comprises a substrate layer lying on top of a base layer and one or more additional layers lying on top of the substrate layer. The substrate layer is a leveled, compacted mixture of elastic granules and stones. At least one of the additional layers is an elastic layer. The substrate layer and the one or more additional layers form the playing surface.

Playing surface, in particular a sports floor or playing field. The playing surface comprises a substrate layer lying on top of a base layer and one or more additional layers lying on top of the substrate layer. The substrate layer is a leveled, compacted mixture of elastic granules and stones. At least one of the additional layers is an elastic layer. The substrate layer and the one or more additional layers form the playing surface.

An accelerated water removal low maintenance multi-hole golfing facility a plurality of golf holes and a plurality of water permeable and water shuttling sand bunkers. Each sand bunker has continuous bunker edge, a drain assembly, a synthetic tufted surface, a continuous integral edge overlapping polymer mesh, a non-woven dual smooth surfaced geo-textile, and a sand layer. Water flows from the continuous bunker edge over the synthetic tufted surface through sod the non-woven dual smooth surfaced geo-textile to the drain assembly preventing the drain assembly from clogging, thereby maintaining an unclogged drain assembly for the water permeable and water shuttling sand bunker.

An accelerated water removal low maintenance multi-hole golfing facility a plurality of golf holes and a plurality of water permeable and water shuttling sand bunkers. Each sand bunker has continuous bunker edge, a drain assembly, a synthetic tufted surface, a continuous integral edge overlapping polymer mesh, a non-woven dual smooth surfaced geo-textile, and a sand layer. Water flows from the continuous bunker edge over the synthetic tufted surface through sod the non-woven dual smooth surfaced geo-textile to the drain assembly preventing the drain assembly from clogging, thereby maintaining an unclogged drain assembly for the water permeable and water shuttling sand bunker.

A method and system for providing an artificial turf edge. In one embodiment, the system includes: a main body portion having a bottom surface, an interior side surface, an exterior side surface and a top surface; an anchoring portion extending downwardly from the bottom surface, wherein the anchoring portion is configured to be driven downwardly into a ground surface to anchor the main body portion to the ground surface; and a plurality of artificial turf blades extending outwardly from the exterior side surface.

A method and system for providing an artificial turf edge. In one embodiment, the system includes: a main body portion having a bottom surface, an interior side surface, an exterior side surface and a top surface; an anchoring portion extending downwardly from the bottom surface, wherein the anchoring portion is configured to be driven downwardly into a ground surface to anchor the main body portion to the ground surface; and a plurality of artificial turf blades extending outwardly from the exterior side surface.