A customizable playing field includes a turf system comprising a tile with a turf layer. The tile overlays a subfloor, defining a reservoir thereunder. A forced air system includes a pipe disposed within the reservoir and operatively coupled to a pump; and a sensor. A control system controls the pump, and includes a processor in data communication with at least one input/output device and computer memory. The computer memory has a program with machine readable instructions that, when effected by the processor, perform the following steps: if the temperature is above a predetermined threshold as measured by the sensor, forcing a cool fluid through the pipe; and if the temperature is below a predetermined threshold as measured by the sensor, forcing a warm fluid through the pipe.

A CRCP repair system is provided. The repair system may comprise a precast pavement panel having one or more openings positioned in the bottom, side portions thereof, as well as reinforcing members embedded within the panel. The panel may also include a reinforcing fastening member extending into each of the openings. The repair system may further include a prepared side edge of the CRCP having reinforcing anchoring members epoxy cemented therein and extending therefrom, with the anchoring members configured to extend into the openings of the panel with the panel positioned in the void created by the removed CRCP. The anchoring members may be configured in a pair, with each pair positioned to extend into the opening, with the fastening member extending into the opening between the pair of anchoring members. Each of the fastening members and the anchoring members may have a head on a distal end thereof, with the heads configured to create opposing and overlapping forces within the opening when cementitious adhesive (such as grout) is inserted within the opening and cured.

Apparatus and methods related to mats and connects are described. The apparatus include a mat having a top side, a bottom side, and an interior defined between the top side and the bottom side, and at least one connector post extending within the interior of the mat, wherein the at least one connector post comprises a connector pin cavity extending within the interior of the mat and configured to receive a connector pin and at least one locking structure configured to engage with a portion of the connector pin and secure the connector pin to the at least one connector post.

A paving element includes upper and lower surfaces and one or more drainage channels extending through the paving element between the upper and lower surfaces. The drainage channels include a substantially concave or cupule shaped upper portion, provided on the upper surface of the paving element, and a channel from the concave portion through to the lower surface of the bottom surface of the paving element. The drainage channels can be complete, when provided in the interior of the paving element, or partial, when provided along the sides or perimeter of the paving element. The partial channels are completed when the paving element is placed adjacent another paving element when forming a pavement. The drainage channels are adapted to facilitate the cleaning process of the channels.

One aspect of the invention provides an extruded, polymeric underlayment pad including: a substrate; a first plurality of at least four intersecting ridges extending perpendicularly from a first side of the substrate; and a second plurality of at least four intersecting ridges extending from a second side of the extruded polymeric substrate.

Multilayered pavers comprise adjoining outer sections of male components that are adjacent to each other with opposite and adjacent outer sections that define female voids that comport to male sections of the pavers. The multiple layer or three layer approach allows for multiple points of contact and retention of the pavers. Slanted top and bottom sections of protrusions allow for ease of insertion of one paver into the other. A cambered perimeter edge of a top layer of the paver allows for ease of attachment to machinery sometimes used to transport each paver to a desired spot and for insertion into an adjacent paver.

A ground covering comprising: a base panel including a sheet with an array of protrusions extending therefrom; a top panel including an array of receptacles for mating with at least a number of said protrusions; one or more drainage conduits formed through each of the protrusions, each drainage conduit being at least partially occluded by a baffle; and complementary engagement formations on peripheries of the protrusions and of the receptacles for fastening the top panel to the base panel.

A lightweight universal panel mat made of plastic or elastomeric material and having a first section that provides a relatively flat surface and provides a frame for receiving a plurality of removable panels that form a working surface within the panel mat. The panel mat includes a second section having geometry that supports the first section. The mats also include first, second, third and fourth sides forming a perimeter of the mat, wherein the first and second sides include upper structures having a sloped lower surface and the third and fourth sides include lower structures having sloped upper surfaces. The sloped surfaces are configured to allow for overlapping with sloped surfaces other like mats for interlocking therewith while forming a generally flat continuous top and bottom surface of the overlapped mats. The mats may be interlocked by a fastening member which fits in aligned openings of the adjacent mats for connection therewith.

A ground stabilization grid which includes a series of polygonal shaped cells having x sides. The cells are formed by polymer walls having a wall height of between about 1 and about 6. Each cell shares a common wall section with at least two adjacent cells; and a majority of cells within the grid includes at least two reinforcing ribs extending across the cell to engage opposing walls of the cell. The reinforcing ribs are characterized by (i) engaging the cell walls between about 25% and about 75% of the wall height, and (ii) extending between different opposing walls of the cell.

One aspect of the invention provides a pad including: a substrate; a first plurality of parallel ridges extending from a first side of the substrate, the first plurality of parallel ridges terminating in longitudinal alternating bevels; and a second plurality of parallel ridges extending from a second side of the substrate.