A super drainage system and a method for flood control comprise an open channel, a reinforced concrete conduit (RCC) inside the open channel. The RCC has a bottom slab supported on a riverbed, a bank-side wall for retaining bank soils, and a top slab elevated above a predetermined level. The RCC supports a road below the top of river banks for traffic traveling along the river banks during normal weather conditions. The traffic is either on the top slab or on the bottom slab. During extreme weather conditions, traffic is evacuated from the super drainage system and the entire space is available for water conveyance.

An asymmetric debris-flow discharge channel is provided. The debris-flow discharge channel has a main drainage channel for discharging a debris flow and an auxiliary channel provided outside of the main drainage channel. The side walls of the auxiliary channel are integrated with the side walls of the main drainage channel or provided outside of the side walls of the main drainage channel. The debris-flow discharge channel also has a break section integrated into a side wall of the auxiliary channel. The top width of the break section is equal to the top width of the auxiliary channel A method for designing and building the asymmetric debris-flow discharge channel is also provided, which provides a lower initial cost, higher safety performance, and a lower maintenance cost at the operating stage.

A super drainage system and a method for flood control comprise an open channel, a reinforced concrete conduit (RCC) inside the open channel. The RCC has a bottom slab supported on a riverbed, a bank-side wall for retaining bank soils, and a top slab elevated above a predetermined level. The RCC supports a road below the top of river banks for traffic traveling along the river banks during normal weather conditions. The traffic is either on the top slab or on the bottom slab. During extreme weather conditions, traffic is evacuated from the super drainage system and the entire space is available for water conveyance.

A ditch liner includes: a first corrugation having first and second angled sections, and a central section; and a second corrugation having first and second angled sections, and a central section. The first angled sections are adjacent to each other, the second angled sections are adjacent to each other, the central sections are adjacent to each other, a width of the first angled section of the first corrugation is different than a width of the first angled section of the second corrugation at a first location, a width of the second angled section of the first corrugation is different than a width of the second angled section of the second corrugation at a second location, and a width of the central section of the first corrugation is equal to a width of the central section of the second corrugation at a third location.

A ditch liner includes: a first corrugation having first and second angled sections, and a central section; and a second corrugation having first and second angled sections, and a central section. The first angled sections are adjacent to each other, the second angled sections are adjacent to each other, the central sections are adjacent to each other, a width of the first angled section of the first corrugation is different than a width of the first angled section of the second corrugation at a first location, a width of the second angled section of the first corrugation is different than a width of the second angled section of the second corrugation at a second location, and a width of the central section of the first corrugation is equal to a width of the central section of the second corrugation at a third location.

A cementitious composite includes a cementitious mixture of cementitious materials and non-cementitious materials. Prior to the in-situ hydration, V.sub.b=M.sub.c/.sub.c.Math.(1+F.sub.v)+.sub.i.sup.n(M.sub.nc.sub.i/.sub.nc.sub.i) where V.sub.b is the bulk volume of the cementitious mixture per unit area of the cementitious composite, M.sub.c is a mass of the cementitious materials of the cementitious mixture per unit area of the cementitious composite, .sub.c is a density of the cementitious materials of the cementitious mixture, M.sub.nc.sub.i is a mass of each constituent type of the non-cementitious materials of the cementitious mixture per unit area of the cementitious composite, .sub.nc.sub.i is a density of each constituent type of the non-cementitious materials of the cementitious mixture, and F.sub.v is a ratio of the volume of the voids within the cementitious mixture relative to the volume of the cementitious materials of the cementitious mixture per unit area of the cementitious composite. F.sub.v is between 0.64 and 1.35.

A method and a device for laying down and sealingly anchoring a waterproofing liner of a synthetic material, on a surface of a hydraulic work. The liner is fastened by a plurality of tensioning and anchoring assemblies, each including a lower and upper metal section bars configured with a raised part having side flat surfaces for sealingly clamping the liner, wherein the lower section bar has more anchoring holes at a plurality of axially spaced apart anchoring zones; the surface of the hydraulic work is previously marked by reference marks underlining the presence of possible obstacles such as reinforcement rods near the anchoring holes of the anchoring zones of the lower section bar; therefore the lower section bar is positioned by aligning the anchoring holes to the reference marks, anchoring the section bar to the hydraulic work by anchoring devices) at least one hole of the anchoring zones wherein there is no obstacle to the insertion of the anchoring devices in the hydraulic work. The waterproofing liner is laid down on the surface of the hydraulic work, and is sealingly anchored it between the lower section bars and the upper section bars of the tensioning assemblies.

A method and a device for laying down and sealingly anchoring a waterproofing liner of a synthetic material, on a surface of a hydraulic work. The liner is fastened by a plurality of tensioning and anchoring assemblies, each including a lower and upper metal section bars configured with a raised part having side flat surfaces for sealingly clamping the liner, wherein the lower section bar has more anchoring holes at a plurality of axially spaced apart anchoring zones; the surface of the hydraulic work is previously marked by reference marks underlining the presence of possible obstacles such as reinforcement rods near the anchoring holes of the anchoring zones of the lower section bar; therefore the lower section bar is positioned by aligning the anchoring holes to the reference marks, anchoring the section bar to the hydraulic work by anchoring devices) at least one hole of the anchoring zones wherein there is no obstacle to the insertion of the anchoring devices in the hydraulic work. The waterproofing liner is laid down on the surface of the hydraulic work, and is sealingly anchored it between the lower section bars and the upper section bars of the tensioning assemblies.

A method for forming a geomembrane liner testable for leaks by securing adjacent panels together with the conductivity of the lower surface of an overlying panel broken along a line adjacent the panel overlapping edge, and the overlapping edges sealed along the line. A heat welder has slots for the overlapping panel edges, with a heated wedge between the slots and having a projection to break the conductivity of the overlying panel bottom surface as it passes the wedge. The slots merge to press the liner edges together to heat weld them along the line of broken conductivity as the welder is moved along the panel edges.