Systems and methods to provide pressed aggregate-filled cavities for improving ground stiffness and uniformity are disclosed. According to an aspect, a method includes using a mechanism to press into a ground surface in a substantially downward direction to create a concavity. The method also includes substantially or completely filling the concavity with unstabilized or chemically stabilized aggregate, soil, or sand. Further, the method includes using the mechanism to press the aggregate within the concavity to achieve a desired ground stiffness.

Systems and methods to provide pressed aggregate-filled cavities for improving ground stiffness and uniformity are disclosed. According to an aspect, a method includes using a mechanism to press into a ground surface in a substantially downward direction to create a concavity. The method also includes substantially or completely filling the concavity with unstabilized or chemically stabilized aggregate, soil, or sand. Further, the method includes using the mechanism to press the aggregate within the concavity to achieve a desired ground stiffness.

Geopolymers are one type of aluminosilicate materials formed through the polymerization of silicate and aluminate tetrahedrons. Geopolymer is used as a non-calcium-based stabilizer to mix with sulfate-rich soils. The stabilized soils were exposed to deionized water for 7 days until the volume of soil samples reached constant. Volumetric expansion of the sulfate-rich soil samples stabilized with metakaolin based geopolymer was 7 times lower than those stabilized with lime while the mechanical strength of stabilized soil samples were significantly improved.

A grouting system with an adjustable moving cavity pressure. The grouting system includes a master grouting pipe and a plurality of grouting valve pipes connected to the master grouting pipe, each grouting valve pipe is in an annular space within a borehole wall, the grouting valve pipe includes a grouting valve pipe body, and a spraying valve port is on the grouting valve pipe body. A grouting pipe, an air injection pipe and a movable piston are inside the grouting valve pipe body. The air injection pipe is connected with the movable piston to apply an air pressure into the movable piston, and the movable piston applied with the air pressure expands in volume to form a closed cavity between a lower part of the movable piston and the grouting valve pipe body, so that grouting is performed according to the position of the movable piston.

Tip-grouting tools may include at least one inlet, an outlet in communication with the at least one inlet, and a distribution material defining a tortuous path between the at least one inlet and the outlet. The distribution material may be configured to distribute at least one of pressure, mass, and flow of grouting material across the outlet.

Tip-grouting tools may include at least one inlet, an outlet in communication with the at least one inlet, and a distribution material defining a tortuous path between the at least one inlet and the outlet. The distribution material may be configured to distribute at least one of pressure, mass, and flow of grouting material across the outlet.

A. C.G.S construction method capable of seismic retrofit and quality control is provided. The method includes steps of inserted an injection pipe in the ground, the injection pipe provided for injecting a grout into the ground; injecting the grout into the ground through the inserted injection pipe, the grout being injected in predetermined quantities per unit time under an injection pressure that is a predetermined static pressure; measuring a discharge pressure of the injected grout; adjusting, according to the change in measurement value of the measured discharge pressure, at least one or more among the injection pressure of the grout in the injecting stage, and the unit time per which predetermined quantities of the grout are injected; and changing the depth at which the injection pipe is inserted in the ground after the injection of the grout is completed.

A. C.G.S construction method capable of seismic retrofit and quality control is provided. The method includes steps of inserted an injection pipe in the ground, the injection pipe provided for injecting a grout into the ground; injecting the grout into the ground through the inserted injection pipe, the grout being injected in predetermined quantities per unit time under an injection pressure that is a predetermined static pressure; measuring a discharge pressure of the injected grout; adjusting, according to the change in measurement value of the measured discharge pressure, at least one or more among the injection pressure of the grout in the injecting stage, and the unit time per which predetermined quantities of the grout are injected; and changing the depth at which the injection pipe is inserted in the ground after the injection of the grout is completed.

A process to use the tailings as construction material giving it waterproofing characteristics and reduce its cracking is presented. For example, to use the mining tailing as a construction material conceding to it impermeabilizing features, reducing its cracking and increasing its resistance. The main stages of said process are to apply a calcium-containing solution to the soil to be treated; apply a solution that that contains calcite-producing bacteria, to the soil to be treated; optionally, add maltodextrin; and stabilize, compact and dry off the mix.

A system and method for coupling geophysical sensors is provided. A method for deploying a geophysical sensor includes treating an installation location with a soil stabilizing material. The method also includes pressing a die (906) into the installation location and after a predetermined time period, removing the die from the installation location. The method further includes installing a geophysical sensor in the installation location.