The disclosure discloses a high-performance liquefaction mitigation method forstone columns for protecting the existing buildings during earthquakes. Specifically, a small equipment is used to dig trenches in the soil around the existing building. Then, a spiral driller is used to drill a series of boreholes in the trenches according to the optimized borehole design. Next, two or three layers of optimized gravel material with high permeability are filled into the boreholes to work as the inverted layer. Finally, geotextile is arranged around the trench and the trench is filled with the optimized gravel. Compared with current liquefaction mitigation methods for existing buildings, the disclosure is suitable for liquefaction mitigation in large cities, and has the advantages of low disturbance to the overlaid building, simple construction process, high construction efficiency, low construction cost, long service life and the construction material could be easily obtained.

The disclosure discloses a high-performance liquefaction mitigation method forstone columns for protecting the existing buildings during earthquakes. Specifically, a small equipment is used to dig trenches in the soil around the existing building. Then, a spiral driller is used to drill a series of boreholes in the trenches according to the optimized borehole design. Next, two or three layers of optimized gravel material with high permeability are filled into the boreholes to work as the inverted layer. Finally, geotextile is arranged around the trench and the trench is filled with the optimized gravel. Compared with current liquefaction mitigation methods for existing buildings, the disclosure is suitable for liquefaction mitigation in large cities, and has the advantages of low disturbance to the overlaid building, simple construction process, high construction efficiency, low construction cost, long service life and the construction material could be easily obtained.

A system for retaining a flowable and curable building material to form a portion of a foundation includes side walls disposed in a predetermined configuration having a first side wall and a second side wall, and at least one component having an interior cavity disposed in one of the side walls. A bracket assembly includes an outwardly bounding reinforcement post for each of the side walls, a separator bar having a plurality of apertures sized to receive and retain each of the reinforcement posts at locations corresponding to nominal widths of the at least one component. A barrier is disposed between the outwardly bounding posts. The barrier and the component in the side wall is retained in the foundation after the building material cures. The barrier prevents backfill from filling a volume between the outwardly bounding posts.

A system for retaining a flowable and curable building material to form a portion of a foundation includes side walls disposed in a predetermined configuration having a first side wall and a second side wall, and at least one component having an interior cavity disposed in one of the side walls. A bracket assembly includes an outwardly bounding reinforcement post for each of the side walls, a separator bar having a plurality of apertures sized to receive and retain each of the reinforcement posts at locations corresponding to nominal widths of the at least one component. A barrier is disposed between the outwardly bounding posts. The barrier and the component in the side wall is retained in the foundation after the building material cures. The barrier prevents backfill from filling a volume between the outwardly bounding posts.

A waterstop assembly for use as embedded components in at least a pair of adjacent concrete slabs, defining elongated first and second waterstop panels including a main body sheet to which is mounted by coextrusion or insertion to both of its opposite top and bottom ends a soft expansible flange made from hydrophilic thermoplastic material. Each hydrophilic soft flange has such an expansion capability as to provide strong radially outward pressure applied by the soft flange against the adjacent concrete slabs, thus providing watertight interconnection therebetween. A welding block is taken in sandwich between overlapping transitional end portions of the first and second waterstop panels. Integral ridge and groove connectors interconnect the welding block with the waterstop panels. Resistance wires connected at one end to an electric power source fuse the welding block and the first and second waterstop panels, wherein a watertight joint is formed therebetween. An upright steel post is mounted spacedly parallel to a corresponding one of first and second waterstop panels, and a transverse anchor arm transversely spacedly retaining waterstop panel in upright operational condition parallel to the steel post before and during first concrete pour.

A waterstop assembly for use as embedded components in at least a pair of adjacent concrete slabs, defining elongated first and second waterstop panels including a main body sheet to which is mounted by coextrusion or insertion to both of its opposite top and bottom ends a soft expansible flange made from hydrophilic thermoplastic material. Each hydrophilic soft flange has such an expansion capability as to provide strong radially outward pressure applied by the soft flange against the adjacent concrete slabs, thus providing watertight interconnection therebetween. A welding block is taken in sandwich between overlapping transitional end portions of the first and second waterstop panels. Integral ridge and groove connectors interconnect the welding block with the waterstop panels. Resistance wires connected at one end to an electric power source fuse the welding block and the first and second waterstop panels, wherein a watertight joint is formed therebetween. An upright steel post is mounted spacedly parallel to a corresponding one of first and second waterstop panels, and a transverse anchor arm transversely spacedly retaining waterstop panel in upright operational condition parallel to the steel post before and during first concrete pour.

The present invention provides methods and articles for achieving puncture-resistant waterproofing membranes and for waterproofing building and civil engineering surfaces without requiring the use of separate protection boards. Exemplary membranes and methods of the invention rely on relatively thin, flexible composite layers to provide impact resistance while yet facilitating seaming between adjacent installed membranes and minimizing formation of wrinkles, leakage channels, and “fish mouth” openings, particularly at substrate details or other surface irregularities.

The present invention provides methods and articles for achieving puncture-resistant waterproofing membranes and for waterproofing building and civil engineering surfaces without requiring the use of separate protection boards. Exemplary membranes and methods of the invention rely on relatively thin, flexible composite layers to provide impact resistance while yet facilitating seaming between adjacent installed membranes and minimizing formation of wrinkles, leakage channels, and “fish mouth” openings, particularly at substrate details or other surface irregularities.

A polymer pre-laid waterproof rolling material, comprising a polymer base material layer, a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer on the polymer base material layer, and a sand anti-sticking layer on the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer; the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer includes: 25-35 parts by mass of a styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer; 32-38 parts by mass of a C5 petroleum resin; 5-12 parts by mass of a 145 pentaerythritol modified rosin resin; 25-32 parts by mass of a naphthenic oil; 0.3 parts by mass of an antioxidant; and 0.5 parts by mass of a UV light stabilizer; the C5 petroleum resin has a softening point of 95-105° C. and a color number of less than 4; the naphthenic oil has a kinematic viscosity of 9-11 mm.sup.2 at 100° C. and a density of 0.8950 g/cm.sup.3-0.9100 g/cm.sup.3 at 20° C. The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer has a stronger bonding effect with sintered sand and further improves the bonding effect with concrete.

A system for retaining a flowable and curable building material to form a portion of a foundation includes side walls disposed in a predetermined configuration having a first side wall and a second side wall, and at least one component having an interior cavity disposed in one of the side walls. A bracket assembly includes an outwardly bounding reinforcement post for each of the side walls, a separator bar having a plurality of apertures sized to receive and retain each of the reinforcement posts at locations corresponding to nominal widths of the at least one component. A barrier is disposed between the outwardly bounding posts. The barrier and the component in the side wall is retained in the foundation after the building material cures. The barrier prevents backfill from filling a volume between the outwardly bounding posts.