The present disclosure provides immunomodulatory compositions comprising live Caulobacter crescentus (CC). Immunomodulatory compositions of the present disclosure are useful for modulating an immune response in an individual. The present disclosure thus provides methods of modulating an immune response in an individual, involving administering an immunomodulatory composition comprising live CC to the individual.

Provided is a method of preventing or treating gastroesophageal reflux disease, including administering to an subject in need thereof a composition including a plurality of fibers formed of β-1-4-glucan, wherein the fibers have a diameter between 15 nm and 35 nm and a mean length of between 1.5 μm and 3.5 μm.

Provided is a method of preventing or treating gastroesophageal reflux disease, including administering to an subject in need thereof a composition including a plurality of fibers formed of β-1-4-glucan, wherein the fibers have a diameter between 15 nm and 35 nm and a mean length of between 1.5 μm and 3.5 μm.

Skin-associated autoimmune diseases are common these days. A method and composition for microbiome based amelioration of skin associated autoimmune inflammatory diseases has been provided. The composition is made of at least one or more of microbiome-associated compounds such as proteins, metabolites, antibiotics, probiotics, etc. The method provides a composition for an affected individual through application of these compositions aimed at improving the bioavailability of lipoic acid. It acts through modulation of the lipoic acid metabolic pathway to do the same. The suggested microbes and compounds can either be used as an effective probiotic supplement in increasing the microbial population involved in lipoic acid biosynthesis (only), or increasing the number of competitors of the microbes involved in escalation of lipoic acid salvage system, or through direct antibiotic or physical action against the latter.

Skin-associated autoimmune diseases are common these days. A method and composition for microbiome based amelioration of skin associated autoimmune inflammatory diseases has been provided. The composition is made of at least one or more of microbiome-associated compounds such as proteins, metabolites, antibiotics, probiotics, etc. The method provides a composition for an affected individual through application of these compositions aimed at improving the bioavailability of lipoic acid. It acts through modulation of the lipoic acid metabolic pathway to do the same. The suggested microbes and compounds can either be used as an effective probiotic supplement in increasing the microbial population involved in lipoic acid biosynthesis (only), or increasing the number of competitors of the microbes involved in escalation of lipoic acid salvage system, or through direct antibiotic or physical action against the latter.

Microbiota restoration therapy compositions and methods for manufacturing, processing, and/or delivering microbiota restoration therapy compositions are disclosed. An example method for manufacturing a microbiota restoration therapy composition may include collecting a human fecal sample and adding a diluent to the human fecal sample to form a diluted sample. The diluent may include a cryoprotectant. The method may also include mixing the diluted sample with a mixing apparatus and filtering the diluted sample. Filtering may form a filtrate. The method may also include transferring the filtrate to a sample bag and sealing the sample bag.

Microbiota restoration therapy compositions and methods for manufacturing, processing, and/or delivering microbiota restoration therapy compositions are disclosed. An example method for manufacturing a microbiota restoration therapy composition may include collecting a human fecal sample and adding a diluent to the human fecal sample to form a diluted sample. The diluent may include a cryoprotectant. The method may also include mixing the diluted sample with a mixing apparatus and filtering the diluted sample. Filtering may form a filtrate. The method may also include transferring the filtrate to a sample bag and sealing the sample bag.

Provided are vesicles derived from Enhydrobacter bacteria and a use thereof, and the inventors experimentally confirmed that the vesicles were significantly reduced in clinical samples obtained from patients with pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lymphoma, myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, variant angina, liver cirrhosis, and diabetes, compared with a normal individual, and that when vesicles isolated from the strain were administered, the secretion of inflammatory mediators caused by pathogenic vesicles, such as E. coli-derived vesicles, was significantly inhibited. Therefore, it is expected that the vesicles derived from Enhydrobacter bacteria according to the present invention can be effectively used for a method of diagnosing pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lymphoma, myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, variant angina, liver cirrhosis, or diabetes, and for developing a composition for preventing, alleviating or treating the diseases.

Provided are vesicles derived from Enhydrobacter bacteria and a use thereof, and the inventors experimentally confirmed that the vesicles were significantly reduced in clinical samples obtained from patients with pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lymphoma, myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, variant angina, liver cirrhosis, and diabetes, compared with a normal individual, and that when vesicles isolated from the strain were administered, the secretion of inflammatory mediators caused by pathogenic vesicles, such as E. coli-derived vesicles, was significantly inhibited. Therefore, it is expected that the vesicles derived from Enhydrobacter bacteria according to the present invention can be effectively used for a method of diagnosing pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lymphoma, myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, variant angina, liver cirrhosis, or diabetes, and for developing a composition for preventing, alleviating or treating the diseases.

An improved agent and treatment method for a broad variety of diseases in both animals and humans is disclosed. The agent is an inventive composition comprising a bacterial-based culture. Particularly, the inventive composition disclosed herein is an active molecule produced by a Gram-negative bacterial strain that is a member of the genus Brevundimonas. Consumption of the inventive composition by way of liquid or dry feed produces a broad range of health benefits and has proven effective in the prevention and treatment of disease. The bacterium of the disclosed composition selectively modulates Toll-like receptors (TLRs) for the prevention and treatment of disease such as coccidiosis. Specific actions include but are not limited to improvement of gut health, acceleration or enhancement of immune response using a natural immune modulator, and the promotion of animal growth.