A method to treat hepatoma with dengue viruses which infect liver tumor stem cells for annihilation of hepatocellular carcinoma tissues. The liver tumor stem cells expressing the biomarker of CD133 in a tumor part are the objects infected by dengue viruses preferentially and killed due to specific protein expressions for suppression of hepatoma.

The present invention relates a vector system and a vector system for use in a method of treating a disease, each comprising a first vector and a second vector. The present invention further relates to the first vector, the second vector and a combination of the first vector and the second vector. In addition, the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the vector system of the invention or the combination of the invention.

The present disclosure relates to methods for producing lentiviral vectors using mammalian cells. Specifically, the methods utilize three plasmids, rather than four, to provide the required packaging elements and transfer vector to a cell, allowing for the production of a large number of lentiviral vectors in mammalian cells, including suspension-based cells. These methods allow for the production of lentiviral vectors that can be tailored to include a specific gene of interest.

The present disclosure relates to methods for producing lentiviral vectors using mammalian cells. Specifically, the methods utilize three plasmids, rather than four, to provide the required packaging elements and transfer vector to a cell, allowing for the production of a large number of lentiviral vectors in mammalian cells, including suspension-based cells. These methods allow for the production of lentiviral vectors that can be tailored to include a specific gene of interest.

Provided are use of an Echovirus 25 (ECHO25) or a modified form thereof, or a nucleic acid molecule comprising a genomic sequence or cDNA sequence of the ECHO25 or a modified form thereof, or a complementary sequence of the genomic sequence or cDNA sequence, in treatment of a tumor in a subject, and in the manufacture of a medicament for treatment a tumor in a subject.

Methods and compositions for treating and/or preventing a bacterial infection in a subject are provided, in which the subject is administered a fecal sample obtained from a donor subject via fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). The fecal sample contains bacteriophages that target the bacteria causing the infection. In some embodiments, the fecal sample containing the bacteriophages can be obtained from a donor subject who previously had the same infection but is now cured.

Methods and compositions for treating and/or preventing a bacterial infection in a subject are provided, in which the subject is administered a fecal sample obtained from a donor subject via fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). The fecal sample contains bacteriophages that target the bacteria causing the infection. In some embodiments, the fecal sample containing the bacteriophages can be obtained from a donor subject who previously had the same infection but is now cured.

A method of producing helper T cells, comprising: (i) culturing T cells, which have been induced from pluripotent stem cells and into which a CD4 gene or a gene product thereof has been introduced, in a medium containing IL-2 and IL-15; and (ii) isolating CD40L-highly expressing T cells from cells obtained in step (i).

Disclosed is a new class of conjugated virus-like particles (VLPs). These conjugated VLPs bind a wide variety of tumors and comprise epitopes recognized by a prior T cell immune response already existing in a host. These epitopes are derived from pathogens or previous vaccinations (such as early childhood vaccines). This provokes the body's pre-existing cytotoxic immunity obtained through previous infection or previous childhood vaccination to be redirected to the tumor cells for the elimination of cancer, and form long-term anti-tumor immunity. The described conjugated VLPs are useful for tailoring a broad range of tumors towards a response from existing immunity circumventing the need to identify tumor antigens or generate tumor-specific immune responses. Importantly, the compositions and methods described herein broadens opportunities for treatment for all cancer types in subjects who previously had un-targetable cancers due to various technological and biological limitations of currently available immuno-therapeutic drugs.

Disclosed is a new class of conjugated virus-like particles (VLPs). These conjugated VLPs bind a wide variety of tumors and comprise epitopes recognized by a prior T cell immune response already existing in a host. These epitopes are derived from pathogens or previous vaccinations (such as early childhood vaccines). This provokes the body's pre-existing cytotoxic immunity obtained through previous infection or previous childhood vaccination to be redirected to the tumor cells for the elimination of cancer, and form long-term anti-tumor immunity. The described conjugated VLPs are useful for tailoring a broad range of tumors towards a response from existing immunity circumventing the need to identify tumor antigens or generate tumor-specific immune responses. Importantly, the compositions and methods described herein broadens opportunities for treatment for all cancer types in subjects who previously had un-targetable cancers due to various technological and biological limitations of currently available immuno-therapeutic drugs.