Reinforcement element for being positioned within a cast to elastically withstand tensile loads thereon, said reinforcement element comprising a plane sheet- or plate-shaped body of at least one row of consecutively coupled ring-shaped portions.

The invention relates to a method according to which a profile consisting of a shape-memory alloy is placed into concrete, or a concrete to be reinforced is roughened on the outside, then profiles (2) consisting of a shape-memory alloy are fastened to the roughened outside (9) of the structure (6) and a cementitious matrix is applied to the roughened outside (9) to cover the profiles (2). After the cementitious matrix has set, said profiles (2) produce a contraction force and thus a tension as a result of the input of heat. The mortar covering layer (16) thereby acts as a reinforcement layer owing to the interlocking of the mortar covering layer (16) with the roughened outside (9) of the structure (6). The profiles (2) run in an outer mortar as a reinforcement layer (16) of the outside of a structure along the outside of the structure inside the mortar or reinforcement layer (16). A structure can also be prepared for a prestress in the equipped mortar or reinforcement layer by the input of heat, in that electrical cables (3) are routed from the end regions thereof to the outside of the mortar or reinforcement layer (16) or the end regions of the electrical cables (3) are accessible by removing inserts (5).

The invention relates to a method according to which a profile consisting of a shape-memory alloy is placed into concrete, or a concrete to be reinforced is roughened on the outside, then profiles (2) consisting of a shape-memory alloy are fastened to the roughened outside (9) of the structure (6) and a cementitious matrix is applied to the roughened outside (9) to cover the profiles (2). After the cementitious matrix has set, said profiles (2) produce a contraction force and thus a tension as a result of the input of heat. The mortar covering layer (16) thereby acts as a reinforcement layer owing to the interlocking of the mortar covering layer (16) with the roughened outside (9) of the structure (6). The profiles (2) run in an outer mortar as a reinforcement layer (16) of the outside of a structure along the outside of the structure inside the mortar or reinforcement layer (16). A structure can also be prepared for a prestress in the equipped mortar or reinforcement layer by the input of heat, in that electrical cables (3) are routed from the end regions thereof to the outside of the mortar or reinforcement layer (16) or the end regions of the electrical cables (3) are accessible by removing inserts (5).

A cumulative distribution function of fracture time is calculated from large quantities of hydrogen embrittlement fracture test data measured under test conditions that assume reinforcing bars in prestressed concrete, transition probability is calculated from the cumulative distribution function of fracture time with a hydrogen embrittlement fracture being regarded as a stochastic process through which a degraded state progressively reaches a fractured state, and the time integral of the transition probability is found as the degree of progress of hydrogen embrittlement.

A stud-weldable rebar and a method for making the rebar are disclosed. The rebar has a steel body with a weld end and a diameter that is substantially uniform along a length of the body. A tip portion at the weld end includes a hardened zone and a base portion is formed of the remaining steel body. The hardened zone has a hardness that is about 1.5-3.0 times greater than a hardness of the base portion. Induction hardening is used to form the hardened zone.

A stud-weldable rebar and a method for making the rebar are disclosed. The rebar has a steel body with a weld end and a diameter that is substantially uniform along a length of the body. A tip portion at the weld end includes a hardened zone and a base portion is formed of the remaining steel body. The hardened zone has a hardness that is about 1.5-3.0 times greater than a hardness of the base portion. Induction hardening is used to form the hardened zone.

A member distinguishing apparatus includes a three-dimensional sensor that irradiates a member with a beam and acquire first point group data based on at least amplitude information of light, a point group data analysis unit that extracts second point group data which is point group data of the member from the first point group data, and obtains, with respect to the second point group data, a distribution of the point group data in a vertical direction which is a longitudinal direction of the member, a lateral direction orthogonal to an irradiation direction of the beam when an area of a surface of the member irradiated by the three-dimensional sensor becomes the largest and also orthogonal to the vertical direction, and a depth direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction and the lateral direction, and a member distinguishing unit that distinguishes a type of the member from the distribution.

A profiled rail assembly for casting into concrete. The profiled rail assembly includes a profiled rail including a rail body having a rail slot extending in the direction of a longitudinal axis of the profiled rail, and a reinforcing body including a head element and at least one tension element protruding from the head element, the head element opposite the at least one tension element having a head element major face defining a contact surface for a formwork element. The at least one tension element is connected to the profiled rail.

A profiled rail assembly for casting into concrete. The profiled rail assembly includes a profiled rail including a rail body having a rail slot extending in the direction of a longitudinal axis of the profiled rail, and a reinforcing body including a head element and at least one tension element protruding from the head element, the head element opposite the at least one tension element having a head element major face defining a contact surface for a formwork element. The at least one tension element is connected to the profiled rail.

Embodiments of the disclosure provide a reinforced composite material including a composite material forming a geometric body, and a reinforcement member disposed in the composite material. In some embodiments, the reinforcement member includes (i) at least one elongate metal wire extending at least partially through the composite material, and (ii) at least one barb that extends from the elongate metal wire in a transverse direction to the elongate metal wire.