The present invention relates to a microorganism which can act as a biomarker of alcoholic fatty liver disease, and relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating alcoholic fatty liver disease, a food composition for preventing or improving alcoholic fatty liver disease, or a probiotics composition for preventing or improving alcoholic fatty liver disease, comprising the strain as an active ingredient.

Fusion proteins, recombinant Bacillus cereus family members that express fusion proteins, and exosporium fragments derived from spores of the recombinant Bacillus cereus family members are provided. Compositions comprising the spores or exosporium fragments are also provided. Methods involving the use of spores of recombinant Bacillus cereus family members and exosporium fragments derived from spores of a recombinant Bacillus cereus family member in the fields of animal health and aquaculture are provided. In particular, methods are for provided for using such spores or exosporium fragments for protecting an animal or an aquatic organism from a pathogen. Methods are also provided for using exosporium fragments for producing an immunogenic response in an aquatic animal. Products for use in protecting animals from pathogens are also provided, including adhesive patches, wound dressings, insert trays for livestock footbaths, hoof bandages, feed, feed additives, and insect foggers.

An enriched population of modified lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecular species being: devoid of phosphate group at position C1 of the reducing end of their lipid A domain; and substituted at position C6′ of the non-reducing end of their lipid A domain by a hydrophilic moiety, with the proviso that the hydrophilic moiety is not a hydroxyl group. Also, compositions that include the enriched population of modified LPS and uses of naturally-occurring LPS molecular species and/or enriched population of modified LPS molecular species for treating and/or preventing cancer, inflammatory diseases or infectious diseases, and for stimulating an immune response or vaccinating a subject.

Provided herein are compositions and methods for the treatment of allergy, such as food allergy. Also provided herein are compositions and methods for modulating an immune response associated with allergy and/or inducing immune tolerance or desensitization to an allergy, such as a food allergy.

Herein we describe construction of a select agent-excluded B. mallei ΔtonB Δhcp1 (CLH001) vaccine strain and demonstrate its ability to protect against acute respiratory glanders. Particularly, CLH001 is shown to be attenuated, safe, and effective at protecting against lethal B. mallei challenge. This strain should be useful in vaccines are for use in humans and animals, e.g., equines, in treating or providing immunoprotection against infections elicited by category B, tier 1 pathogens, in particular Burkholderia mallei (Bm) and B. pseudomallei, the causative agents of human glanders and melioidosis, respectively.

The present invention is drawn to the nucleic and amino acid sequences encoding vaginolysin (VLY) toxin from Gardnerella vaginalis, and biologically active fragments and variants thereof. The invention is also directed to anti-VLY antibodies and to their use therapeutically and in a new ELISA assay of VLY toxin. Other embodiments of the invention are directed to VLY toxoids and to vaccines that use the new VLY toxoids as immunogens.

A vaccine composition for birds comprising as an active ingredient a structure containing O-antigen derived from Gram-negative bacteria, provided that said structure does not contain a whole cell, and a process for preparing the same are provided. By using a structure containing O-antigen (e.g. lipopolysaccharide) derived from Gram-negative bacteria as an active ingredient in accordance with the present invention, alleviation of inoculation reaction and reduction in an amount of injection are attained as compared to the conventional whole-cells vaccine to thereby allow for the increase in the number of other antigens to be mixed therewith.

The present invention relates to a beta-herpesvirus, preferably a recombinant beta-herpesvirus, wherein the beta-herpesvirus comprises at least one heterologous nucleic acid, wherein the at least one heterologous nucleic acid comprises a gene encoding a cellular ligand.

A method of treating otitis media in a subject is described that includes administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of an Actin-Related Protein 2/3 Complex (Arp2/3) inhibitor. The role of Arp2/3 in otitis media was identified using comprehensive proteomic and metabolomic studies of otitis media using the chinchilla model.

Compounds capable of selectively modulating the TLR signaling pathway provide an improved treatment method for a broad variety of diseases in both animals and humans. The mechanisms of action in the treatment and/or prevention of coccidiosis and other conditions related to gut inflammation are via a direct effect on innate and adaptive immune pathways. The downstream results are improvements in performance parameters related to gut health (including altering gut microbes, conversion rates, and body weight gains among others. When administered to animals, the bioactives of the disclosed inventive compound mitigate the effects of coccidiosis via an enhanced immune response rather than a direct effect on parasites, such as the Eimeria parasite. The mechanisms of action of the disclosed inventive compound and method are via immune system priming rather than a direct effect on pathogens, thus there is no risk of treatment resistance being developed.