The present invention pertains to a combination of a first vaccine comprising non-replicating immunogen of porcine circo virus type 2 (PCV2) and non-replicating immunogen of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, and a second vaccine comprising live attenuated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus, for use in prophylactically treating an animal against an infection with porcine circovirus type 2, an infection with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and an infection with PRRS virus, by associated non-mixed administration of the first vaccine and the second vaccine to the animal. The invention also pertains to a kit-of-parts comprising the first and second vaccine and to a method of protecting an animal against such infections using these vaccines.

The disclosure relates to attenuated bacterial cells expressing glycans and glycoconjugate antigens and their use in the manufacture of whole cell vaccines effective at preventing or treating bacterial infections in non-human species.

Described herein are compositions and methods for making and using recombinant bacteria that are capable of regulated attenuation, regulated expression of one or more antigens of interest, and/or N-glycan modification of secreted/surface antigens.

The present invention describes methods for preventing IBS, reducing the likelihood of developing IBS and/or treating IBS by administering CDT inhibitors and/or CDT neutralizers to a subject in need thereof. The present invention also describes methods of eliciting a specific immune response and methods of vaccinating a subject to prevent IBS or to reduce the likelihood of developing or having IBS. The present invention further describes methods of diagnosing IBS by detecting the presence or absence of CDT or a CDT marker in a subject.

The present invention provides novel, recombinant Gram-negative bacteria. In particular, the invention provides recombinant Gram-negative bacteria (e.g., E. coli) lacking genes involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) biosynthesis (e.g., lacking genes required for core oligosaccharide biosynthesis) and also provides recombinant Gram-negative bacteria lacking genes involved in LPS biosynthesis that contain one or more exogenous KDO transferases and/or one or more exogenous heptosyltransferases (e.g., from one or more types and/or strains of bacteria). The invention further provides methods of generating and utilizing (e.g., as or in an immunogenic composition (e.g., as or in an adjuvant and/or vaccine)) the recombinant Gram-negative bacteria therapeutic, preventative, and/or research applications.

The present invention relates to the field of hyper-blebbing Gram-negative bacterial cells which are genetically modified by modifying the rpsA gene, the rpsA operon and/or 30S ribosomal protein S1 and to native outer membrane vesicles (nOMVs) obtained or obtainable from said genetically modified bacterial cells.

L intracellularis antigens for use in subunit vaccine compositions to elicit immune responses against L intracellularis infections such as proliferative enteropathy (PE) are described, as well as polynucleotides encoding therefor. Also described are methods for treating and preventing L intracellularis infections.

Described is a method for the generation of a live vaccine containing stable bacteria carrying at least three attenuating mutations and a vaccine containing bacteria obtained by said method.

Ferritin proteins comprising a mutation replacing a surface-exposed amino acid with a cysteine, an N- or C-terminal linker comprising a cysteine, and/or one or more immune-stimulatory moieties linked to the ferritin protein via a surface-exposed amino acid are disclosed. The ferritin proteins can further comprise a non-ferritin polypeptide and be antigenic, e.g., for use in eliciting antibodies against the non-ferritin polypeptide.

The present invention is directed to a bioconjugate vaccine, such as an O 1-bioconjugate vaccine, comprising: a protein carrier comprising a protein carrier containing at least one consensus sequence, DIE-X-N-Z-S/T, wherein X and Z may be any natural amino acid except proline; at least one antigenic polysaccharide from at least one pathogenic bacterium, linked to the protein carrier; and, optionally, an adjuvant. In another aspect, the present invention is directed to a method of producing an O 1-bioconjugate in a bioreactor comprising a number steps.