Disclosed is the attenuated Salmonella typhi vaccine Ty21a utilized as a vector for Shigella and/or enterotoxogenic E. coli genes stably integrated in the Ty21a chromosome. These genes include a heterologous Shigella sonnei O-antigen biosynthetic gene region that comprises the wzz gene and expresses Shigella sonnei form 1 O-antigen, as well as a heterologous acid resistance biosynthetic gene system comprising a YbaS gene, which enables increased stability of the Ty21a vector at pH 2.5 relative to Ty21a without the integrated acid resistance biosynthetic gene system.

The present invention relates to expression of Pneumococcal Surface Protein A (PspA). The invention represents an advancement in the field of genetic engineering and vaccine technology. The invention discloses expression vectors and recombinant host cells for expression of truncated PspA peptide. The invention also discloses vaccine compositions comprising the truncated peptides as carrier protein.

The present invention relates to expression of Pneumococcal Surface Protein A (PspA). The invention represents an advancement in the field of genetic engineering and vaccine technology. The invention discloses expression vectors and recombinant host cells for expression of truncated PspA peptide. The invention also discloses vaccine compositions comprising the truncated peptides as carrier protein.

The invention relates to composite antigens comprising an antigen obtained or derived from an antigenic epitope of one or more pathogens that induces an immune response in a mammal, an antigen obtained or derived from bacterial cell wall material that induces an immune response in a mammal such as LTA, PNG or LPS, and a T cell stimulating antigen such as CRM. Preferably the composite antigen comprises an immunogenic composition or a vaccine that is effective against the pathogen or can generate antibodies that can be collected that are protective against infection by the pathogen. In addition, the invention relates to vaccines comprising composite antigens and to method for treating and preventing an infection.

The disclosure relates to attenuated bacterial cells expressing glycans and glycoconjugate antigens and their use in the manufacture of whole cell vaccines effective at preventing or treating bacterial infections in non-human species.

The disclosure relates to attenuated bacterial cells expressing glycans and glycoconjugate antigens and their use in the manufacture of whole cell vaccines effective at preventing or treating bacterial infections in non-human species.

This application relates to methods for assessing patient populations and determining subpopulations vulnerable to viral infection, methods of reducing the risk of infection and/or inducing heterologous immunity to said viral infection.

This application relates to methods for assessing patient populations and determining subpopulations vulnerable to viral infection, methods of reducing the risk of infection and/or inducing heterologous immunity to said viral infection.

The present invention is in the field of conjugating native, non-detergent extracted, outer membrane vesicles (nOMV) to multiple antigens to form multi functionalized nOMV-antigen conjugated derivatives, which are particularly useful for immunogenic compositions and immunisation; processes for the preparation and use of such conjugates are also provided.

Technologies for the prevention and/or treatment of pneumococcal infections.