A method including reacting, at a jobsite, a total dissolved solids (TDS) water with a gas comprising carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) in the presence of a proton-removing agent to produce a CO.sub.2-reduced gas and an aqueous product comprising water and a precipitate, wherein the TDS water comprises produced water, wherein the precipitate comprises one or more carbonates, and wherein the CO.sub.2-reduced gas comprises less CO.sub.2 than the gas comprising CO.sub.2; and separating at least a portion of the water from the aqueous product to provide a concentrated slurry of the precipitate and a TDS-reduced water, wherein the TDS-reduced water comprises less TDS than the TDS water.

A separation system includes an elongated separator vessel having an inlet, a heating section which is located downstream of the inlet, an oil accumulation section which is located downstream of the heating section, and an oil outlet which is connected to the oil accumulation section. The heating section includes an immersed plate heater which is fluidly connected to a heating medium heater that is located externally of the separator vessel. In operation, a heating fluid which is heated in the heating medium heater is circulated through the immersed plate heater to heat the multiphase fluid.

A separation system includes an elongated separator vessel having an inlet, a heating section which is located downstream of the inlet, an oil accumulation section which is located downstream of the heating section, and an oil outlet which is connected to the oil accumulation section. The heating section includes an immersed plate heater which is fluidly connected to a heating medium heater that is located externally of the separator vessel. In operation, a heating fluid which is heated in the heating medium heater is circulated through the immersed plate heater to heat the multiphase fluid.

A method is disclosed that includes introducing a scavenger composition into a fluid stream contaminated with a sulfur contaminant such that the scavenger composition reacts with the sulfur contaminant to reduce an amount of the sulfur contaminant in the fluid stream, wherein the scavenger composition includes a hydrogen sulfide scavenger and an anionic linear polymer. A composition is disclosed that includes a hydrogen sulfide scavenger; and an anionic linear polymer.

A method is disclosed that includes introducing a scavenger composition into a fluid stream contaminated with a sulfur contaminant such that the scavenger composition reacts with the sulfur contaminant to reduce an amount of the sulfur contaminant in the fluid stream, wherein the scavenger composition includes a hydrogen sulfide scavenger and an anionic linear polymer. A composition is disclosed that includes a hydrogen sulfide scavenger; and an anionic linear polymer.

A method for efficiently reducing the energy required to convert natural gas from a natural gas pressure letdown facility at high pressure and pipeline/wellhead temperature to liquid natural gas in close proximity to/collocation with a natural gas pressure letdown/regulation facility using Non-Freezing Vortex Tubes (U.S. Pat. No. 5,749,231) in arrangement with indirect contact heat exchangers. The Non-Freezing Vortex Tubes separate the inlet natural gas into hot flow and cold flow outlet natural gas flows. One portion of the natural gas flow from the high-pressure transmission line/gas wellhead is directed through the Non-Freezing Vortex Tube and the cold outlet flow of the natural gas is directed to the indirect contact heat exchanger(s) to act as the cooling medium. The liquid natural gas plant's required natural gas flow is directed at the existing pipeline/wellhead gas pressure through the heat exchanger and cooled. The already cooled natural gas flow is directed to a turbo expander and refrigeration cold box system where it is further chilled and converted into liquid natural gas at −162° C.

The invention relates to a nanofluid preparation method (100) from biogenic material, said method comprising the steps of: Treating (120) biogenic material with a strong acid to remove metal impurities; Heating (140) the treated biogenic material at a first temperature comprised between 150° C. and 500° C.; Heating (150) the treated biogenic material at a second temperature above 600° C. to pyrolyze the treated biogenic material; Grinding (160) the pyrolyzed biogenic material to obtain nanoparticles of biogenic material; and Mixing (180) nanoparticles of biogenic material with an organic solvent to form a nanofluid, said organic solvent comprising a low polarity solvent. The invention also relates to a nanofluid obtainable by the nanofluid preparation method and the use of such a nanofluid for example for reducing fines migration or enhanced crude oil recovery. The invention also relates to a system for enhanced crude oil recovery from a reservoir well.

The invention relates to a nanofluid preparation method (100) from biogenic material, said method comprising the steps of: Treating (120) biogenic material with a strong acid to remove metal impurities; Heating (140) the treated biogenic material at a first temperature comprised between 150° C. and 500° C.; Heating (150) the treated biogenic material at a second temperature above 600° C. to pyrolyze the treated biogenic material; Grinding (160) the pyrolyzed biogenic material to obtain nanoparticles of biogenic material; and Mixing (180) nanoparticles of biogenic material with an organic solvent to form a nanofluid, said organic solvent comprising a low polarity solvent. The invention also relates to a nanofluid obtainable by the nanofluid preparation method and the use of such a nanofluid for example for reducing fines migration or enhanced crude oil recovery. The invention also relates to a system for enhanced crude oil recovery from a reservoir well.

A method for selective solution mining mineral recovery may include heating a wellfield injection brine to a temperature from about 100° C. to about 250° C.; injecting the heated wellfield injection brine into an underground wellfield to dissolve soluble minerals therein, creating a hot brine solution; removing the hot brine solution from the underground wellfield; and recovering the soluble minerals from the hot brine solution by cooling the hot brine solution to a temperature of from about −10° C. to about 5° C. and causing the soluble minerals to precipitate recovered minerals in a solid form.

A system for improving a steam oil ratio (SOR) includes a direct steam generator (DSG) boiler fluidly coupled with a downhole portion of a steam system via at least a DSG outlet, wherein the DSG boiler is configured to schedule super-heat delivered to the downhole portion to optimize the SOR associated with the system.