The application relates to extracellular vesicles derived from red blood cells and particularly, although not exclusively, extracellular vesicles derived from red blood cells containing a cargo. The cargo may comprise small molecules, proteins, nucleic acids or components of the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system. The extracellular vesicles derived from red blood cells may be used in the treatment of medical disorders such as a genetic disorder, inflammatory disease, cancer, autoimmune disorder, cardiovascular disease or a gastrointestinal disease. Also provided is a method for loading the cargo into the extracellular vesicles derived from red blood cells by electroporation.

The disclosure provides ionizable amine lipids and salts thereof (e.g., pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof) useful for the delivery of biologically active agents, for example delivering biologically active agents to cells to prepare engineered cells. The ionizable amine lipids disclosed herein are useful as ionizable lipids in the formulation of lipid nanoparticle-based compositions.

Provided herein are variant adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsid proteins having one or more modifications in amino acid sequence relative to a parental AAV capsid protein, which, when present in an AAV virion, confer increased infectivity of one or more types of retinal cells as compared to the infectivity of the retinal cells by an AAV virion comprising the unmodified parental AAV capsid protein. Also provided are recombinant AAV virions and pharmaceutical compositions thereof comprising a variant AAV capsid protein as described herein, methods of making these rAAV capsid proteins and virions, and methods for using these rAAV capsid proteins and virions in research and in clinical practice, for example in, e.g., the delivery of nucleic acid sequences to one or more cells of the retina for the treatment of retinal disorders and diseases.

The present invention provides, among other things, methods of treating ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, including administering to a subject in need of treatment a composition comprising an mRNA encoding an ornithine transcarbamylase protein at a low dose and at an administration interval such that at least one symptom or feature of the OTC deficiency is reduced.

Disclosed herein are RNA polynucleotides comprising a 5′ Cap, a 5′ UTR comprising a cap proximal sequence disclosed herein, and a sequence encoding a payload. Also disclosed herein are compositions and medical preparations comprising the same, and methods of making and using the same.

Provided herein are methods and compositions for plakophilin-2 gene therapy for treating heart diseases such as arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) or arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM).

In one aspect, described herein is a recognition element for splicing modifier (REMS) that can be recognized by a compound provided herein. In another aspect, described herein are methods for modulating the amount of a product of a gene, wherein a precursor RNA transcript transcribed from the gene contains a REMS, and the methods utilizing a compound described herein. More particularly, described herein are methods for modulating the amount of an RNA transcript or protein product encoded by a gene, wherein a precursor RNA transcript transcribed from the gene comprises a REMS, and the methods utilizing a compound described herein. In another aspect, provided herein are artificial gene constructs comprising a REMS, and uses of those artificial gene constructs to modulate functional protein production. In another aspect, provided herein are methods for altering endogenous genes to comprise a REMS, and the use of a compound described herein to modulate the functional protein produced from such altered endogenous genes.

The invention provides an invasive recombinant bacterial cell for use in prevention and/or treatment of an immune-related disorder; said bacterial cell comprising one or more recombinant nucleic acid molecule(s) encoding one or more therapeutic agent(s) for use in prevention and/or treatment of said immune-related disease in a mammal in need thereof.

Disclosed herein are high transducing replication defective herpes simplex virus (HSV) vectors of McKrae strain.

Compositions and methods of use thereof for delivering nucleic acid cargo into cells are provided. The compositions typically include (a) a 3E10 monoclonal antibody or an antigen binding, cell-penetrating fragment thereof; a monovalent, divalent, or multivalent single chain variable fragment (scFv); or a diabody; or humanized form or variant thereof, and (b) a nucleic acid cargo including, for example, a nucleic acid encoding a polypeptide, a functional nucleic acid, a nucleic acid encoding a functional nucleic acid, or a combination thereof. Elements (a) and (b) are typically non-covalently linked to form a complex.