The present application provides an agent comprising or consisting of a binding moiety with specificity for a kallikrein protein (for example, PSA or hK2) for use in the treatment of prostate cancer, and a method for the treatment of prostate cancer in a patient, the method comprising the step of administering a therapeutically effective amount of an agent comprising or consisting of a binding moiety with specificity for a kallikrein protein to the patient.

Markers (e.g., treatment site markers, biopsy site markers) are composed of a non-metallic material having a composition and/or other features or characteristics such that the markers will generate twinkling artifacts when imaged with ultrasound. In this way, the composition of the markers enables their detection and localization using ultrasound. The markers are generally composed of non-metallic materials that enhance the twinkling artifact.

Metal based nanoparticles coated with a polymer functionalized with thiol groups and NH groups are provided. The polymer can be thiolated chitosan, thiolated and aminated alginic acid, thiolated and aminated hyaluronic acid, or a protein such as albumin or gelatin, or a synthetic thiolated and aminated polymer such as -thio--amino polyethylene glycols. The groups are linked to a ligand of the integrin family receptors via a heterobifunctional crosslinker bearing functional groups able to bind to amino groups such as N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester group (NHS ester), an isocyanate group (NCO), an isothiocyanate group (NCS), a Sulfo-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester group (sulfo-NHS ester), or a carboxylic acid group which is connected by activation with carbodiimide coupling agents; and/or a functional group able to bind thiol groups.