A composition for bone regeneration includes substantially spherical granules. Each of the spherical granules include an outer shell including magnesium phosphate and nano-sized silica and a bioactive core encapsulated by the outer shell. The granules include macro-pores and micro-pores. The macro-pores are intergranular spaces between adjacent granules, and the micro-pores are intragranular nanopores formed on the outer shell of each of the granules. A method of producing the substantially spherical granules, includes providing a mixture of a biological active powder, magnesium phosphate, and an initiator with a colloidal silica solution; rotating the mixture with dual asymmetric centrifugation for a predetermined amount of time; and drying the resulting material.

An intervertebral fusion device includes a structural ceramic body. The structural ceramic body has a bottom surface, a top surface, a peripheral surface connected between the bottom surface and the top surface, and at least one pore channel penetrating the bottom surface and the top surface. The inner surface of the pore channel is either a convex curved surface or a funnel-shaped surface. For the pore channel having the convex curved surface, the pore diameter of the pore channel gradually expands from the center of the pore channel to the top surface and the bottom surface. The pore diameter can also gradually expand from the bottom surface to the top surface. The peripheral surface of the structural ceramic body is wavy or zigzag.

A disclosure is provided for methods to prepare high-strength and high-toughness partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) materials by incorporating a starting ceramic powder in which the stabilizing oxide agent is pre-alloyed with the zirconia material powder. The ceramic powder is pre-stabilized so there is little or no remaining free stabilizing oxide, thereby resulting in an improved material that is more convenient to process using conventional ceramic processing techniques.

Provided herein are scaffold biomaterials including a decellularized plant or fungal tissue from which cellular materials and nucleic acids of the tissue are removed, the decellularized plant or fungal tissue having a 3-dimensional porous structure; wherein the decellularized plant or fungal tissue may optionally be at least partially coated or mineralized, wherein the scaffold biomaterial may optionally further include a protein-based hydrogel and/or a polysaccharide-based hydrogel, or both. Also provided herein are methods and uses of such scaffold biomaterials, including methods of manufacture as well as methods and uses for bone tissue engineering, for example.

Provided herein are scaffold biomaterials including a decellularized plant or fungal tissue from which cellular materials and nucleic acids of the tissue are removed, the decellularized plant or fungal tissue having a 3-dimensional porous structure; wherein the decellularized plant or fungal tissue may optionally be at least partially coated or mineralized, wherein the scaffold biomaterial may optionally further include a protein-based hydrogel and/or a polysaccharide-based hydrogel, or both. Also provided herein are methods and uses of such scaffold biomaterials, including methods of manufacture as well as methods and uses for bone tissue engineering, for example.

A method for controlling generation of biologically desirable voids in a composition placed in proximity to bone or other tissue in a patient by selecting at least one water-soluble inorganic material having a desired particle size and solubility, and mixing the water-soluble inorganic material with at least one poorly-water-soluble or biodegradable matrix material. The matrix material, after it is mixed with the water-soluble inorganic material, is placed into the patient in proximity to tissue so that the water-soluble inorganic material dissolves at a predetermined rate to generate biologically desirable voids in the matrix material into which bone or other tissue can then grow.

To provide a ceramic particle separable composite material having a calcium phosphate sintered body particle with which bioaffinity reduction and solubility change are suppressed as much as possible and which has a smaller particle diameter. A ceramic particle separable composite material comprising a ceramic particle and a substrate, wherein: the ceramic particle and the substrate are chemically bonded to each other, or the ceramic particle physically adheres to or is embedded in the substrate; the ceramic particle has a particle diameter within a range of 10 nm to 700 nm; the ceramic particle is a calcium phosphate sintered body particle; and the ceramic particle contains no calcium carbonate.

To provide a ceramic particle separable composite material having a calcium phosphate sintered body particle with which bioaffinity reduction and solubility change are suppressed as much as possible and which has a smaller particle diameter. A ceramic particle separable composite material comprising a ceramic particle and a substrate, wherein: the ceramic particle and the substrate are chemically bonded to each other, or the ceramic particle physically adheres to or is embedded in the substrate; the ceramic particle has a particle diameter within a range of 10 nm to 700 nm; the ceramic particle is a calcium phosphate sintered body particle; and the ceramic particle contains no calcium carbonate.

A particle comprising hydroxyapatite, β-tricalcium phosphate, α-tricalcium phosphate, and/or bioactive glass is provided. The particle can be useful in bone graft compositions further comprising a carrier. The composition can include a quadphasic particle having hydroxyapatite, β-tricalcium phosphate, α-tricalcium phosphate, bioactive glass, and a carrier. The particle can have a size in the range of 50 microns to 2.5 mm. A method of repairing a bone defect is also provided. The method can include a step of applying the bone graft composition to a subject having the bone defect, such as a spinal bone defect. The subject receiving the bone graft composition can be a mammal, namely a human, pet, or domestic animal.

The present invention refers to a method for the synthesis of a biodegradable calcium release material that shows controlled ion release properties for tissue engineering, biomaterials containing the calcium particles as well as the calcium particles obtainable therefrom. By varying the treatment temperature of the described method, the calcium material shows different calcium release profiles. Contrary to a specific chemical composition such as CaCO.sub.3 which is associated to a specific calcium release profile, the present invention allows a manifold of compositions, with a manifold of calcium release profiles, all starting from a single specific chemical composition calcium precursor. Therefore, the invention also relates to the use of the controllable release, calcium material in tissue regeneration such as wound healing processes.