The present disclosure relates to a hydroxyapatite obtained from porous wood, having high compressive strength and dimensions suitable for clinical applications. The porous wood has a porosity of between about 60% and about 95%, said porosity being measured after subjecting the wood to a step of pyrolysis, and is selected from among rattan, pine, abachi, balsa, sipo, oak, rosewood, kempas and walnut wood. The hydroxyapatite may be substituted with one or more ions such as magnesium, strontium, silicon, titanium, carbonate, potassium, sodium, silver, gallium, copper, iron, zinc, manganese, europium, gadolinium. Also disclosed is a bone substitute comprising hydroxyapatite obtained from porous wood. The bone substitute is utilized for the substitution and regeneration of a bone or a bone portion, preferably for bones subjected to mechanical loads, such as long bones of the leg and arm, preferably the tibia, fibula, femur, humerus and radius. The invention relates also to a process for manufacturing a biomorphic hydroxyapatite scaffold from wood.

The present invention provides a surgical implant material for assisted repair of muscle mechanics and a method of preparing the same. The surgical implant material for assisted repair of muscle mechanics comprises a collagen compound within a net-like bacterial cellulose base material. A bacterial cellulose base material is placed into solution of collagen, treated via vortex shaking, dried at room temperature; and then immersed in an aqueous solution of an aldehyde compound under vacuum to react for 10 to 30 minutes, thereby producing the surgical implant material for assisted repair of muscle mechanics. The surgical implant material of the present invention can effectively improve the biocompability, and maintain the flexibility, smoothness and fitness of the base material to reduce the damage to surrounding tissues, thereby reducing the bleeding and inflammatory response. Meanwhile, the processing conditions of the preparation method is more reasonable and convenient to control, and more suitable for industrial scale-up.

Disclosed a plant-derived exosome as well as a preparation method and an application thereof in preparation of drugs or scaffolds for animal tissue regeneration therapy. The preparation method includes: soaking and infiltrating any part of a natural plant with a 2-(N-morpholine) ethanesulfonic acid buffer solution; removing a supernatant; collecting a wet treated sample; refrigerating, centrifuging and extracting the sample to obtain apoplastic fluid, wherein the soaking and infiltrating method is as follows: vacuum supply is performed within 6-24 h after soaking for 2-5 times, vacuum supply time is independently 5-15 s each time, and interval time between two adjacent times of vacuum supply is independently 10 s-1 min; and centrifuging the apoplastic fluid at an ultra-high speed to obtain the plant-derived exosome, wherein ultra-high speed centrifugation conditions are as follows: centrifugal force is not lower than 100000 g, centrifugation time is 1-7 h, and a temperature is 0-4° C.

Cellulose-based scaffolds having fibrous structures, which include a decellularized macroalgae tissue from which cellular materials and nucleic acids are removed; implants including such cellulose-based scaffolds; and a decellularization process for the preparation thereof. The macroalgae tissue may be a green macroalgae tissue, a red macroalgae tissue, or a brown macroalgae tissue. The green macroalgae tissue may be a Cladophora sp. tissue; and the red macroalgae tissue may be a Bangia sp. tissue.

A method for degrading a biofilm on a surface is provided. A method of preventing formation of a biofilm on a surface is provided. The method includes administering, e.g., applying, ammonia oxidizing microorganisms, e.g., a preparation comprising ammonia oxidizing bacteria, to the surface. Preparations comprising ammonia oxidizing microorganisms for biofilm treatment are also provided.

Provided herein are scaffold biomaterials including at least one bundle of microchannels, the bundle of microchannels having a plurality of decellularised microchannels isolated from plant or fungal tissue, the decellularised microchannels being arranged substantially parallel to each other within the bundle. Also provided are methods and uses of such scaffold biomaterials and bundles, as well as methods for the production of such scaffold biomaterials and bundles.

Provided herein are composite scaffold biomaterials including two or more scaffold biomaterial subunits, each including a decellularized plant or fungal tissue from which cellular materials and nucleic acids of the tissue are removed, the decellularized plant or fungal tissue having a 3-dimensional porous structure, the two or more scaffold biomaterial subunits being assembled into the composite scaffold biomaterial and held together via gel casting using a hydrogel glue; via complementary interlocking geometry of the two or more scaffold biomaterial subunits; via guided assembly based biolithography (GAB); via chemical cross-linking; or any combinations thereof. Methods for producing such scaffold biomaterials, as well as methods and uses thereof, are also provided.

Apparatuses, devices, compositions, and methods to ameliorate undesired side effects or outcomes, such as fibrosis due to surgical implants, wounds, or other bodily injury. In particular, described are apparatuses, devices, and compositions containing inhibitors of Wnt11 as well as methods of making and using them. These apparatuses, devices, compositions, and methods may be especially useful for preventing, reducing or treating unwanted fibrosis, such as that resulting from a biomedical implant implanted in an individual.

The present invention relates in a first aspect to a method for coating a medical device suitable for implantation into an individual or for application on skin or mucosal tissue of an individual. Said method comprises the steps of applying to at least a portion of the surface of said device a coating layer whereby said coating layer comprises commensal microorganisms, like commensal bacteria, to form a biofilm on the at least portion of the surface of said medical device, further comprising the step of drying the biofilm coated on the surface of said medical device whereby the commensal microorganisms are eventually killed in case they were not applied as killed microorganisms in the step above, for obtaining a medical device having at least a portion of its surface coated with non-living commensal microorganisms In a further aspect, the coated medical devices obtainable by the method according to the present invention are provided. The coated medical devices according to the present invention are particularly useful in applications being mucosal tissue or a skin of an individual, like for use as an implant for dental use in the oral cavity. Finally, the present invention relates to the use of commensal bacteria like Streptococcus oralis for coating a medical device suitable for use as an implant into an individual or for application on skin or mucosal tissue of an individual.

The present application relates to biocompatible polymers that exhibit a shape-memory effect, devices made using the materials and methods of producing such materials and devices.