The present disclosure discloses a modular building for civil use, which comprises a wall panel (6), a floor panel (5), a vertical column, and a foundation block (1). A protrusion (11) is provided at a center of a bottom surface of the foundation block (1), and a recess (12) is provided at a center of a top surface of the foundation block (1). A protruding post matched with the recess (12) of the foundation block (1) is provided at a bottom part of the vertical column. An engagement structure for connecting with the wall panel (6) and/or the floor panel (5) is provided on the vertical columns.

The disclosed apparatus, systems and methods relate to reinforced concrete moment-resisting buildings with precast beams, precast columns, and replaceable buckling restrained reinforcements. Modular channels and pins or boxes are provided that allow for the replacement and repair of the precast moment-resisting beams and columns. Replaceable buckling restrained reinforcements are used to attach the beams and columns via embedded reinforcements and couplers.

Disclosed is a structural element including of interlocked resilient sheet material components, with each sheet operatively forming a component by being shaped to provide an elongate base with two opposing edges from which a first extension and a second extension respectively extend, with the second extension extending further from the base than the first extension, with the first and second extensions being provided with complimentary interlocking means operatively enabling the extensions of one sheet material component to be interlocked with the extensions of another sheet material component; with the extensions of four sheet components being interlocked, each at a right angle with at least one extension of another one of the sheet components, operatively for four sheet components to provide the structural element with an elongate open-ended core with a plurality of elongate open-ended ribs spaced around the core with each rib being longitudinally aligned with the core.

Although Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRPs), as alternatives for the corrosive steel reinforcement in concrete structures, have shown promising performance under gravity loads, their performance under reversal cyclic loading is still one of the main concerns. The linear behavior of FRP reinforcement has a two-sided effect on the seismic performance of FRP-reinforced concrete (RC) moment-resisting frames. Although the linear nature of FRP reinforcement could be advantageous in terms of limiting the residual damage after an earthquake event, it lowers the energy dissipation of the structure which can compromise its seismic performance. Disclosed herein is the addition of steel plates at selected locations in moment-resisting frames to improve seismic performance of FRP-RC structures while still being able to take advantage of its linear behaviour (minimal residual damage after earthquake). The effectiveness of the proposed solution was tested both experimentally and analytically.

Although Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRPs), as alternatives for the corrosive steel reinforcement in concrete structures, have shown promising performance under gravity loads, their performance under reversal cyclic loading is still one of the main concerns. The linear behavior of FRP reinforcement has a two-sided effect on the seismic performance of FRP-reinforced concrete (RC) moment-resisting frames. Although the linear nature of FRP reinforcement could be advantageous in terms of limiting the residual damage after an earthquake event, it lowers the energy dissipation of the structure which can compromise its seismic performance. Disclosed herein is the addition of steel plates at selected locations in moment-resisting frames to improve seismic performance of FRP-RC structures while still being able to take advantage of its linear behaviour (minimal residual damage after earthquake). The effectiveness of the proposed solution was tested both experimentally and analytically.

A self-bracing, two-way moment frame precast system for industrial support structure and method of erecting a precast industrial support structure without temporary or permanent bracing or shoring are disclosed. This is accomplished by utilizing a moment frame element in two directions to create free standing tower that requires no bracing during erection or in service. The system also utilizes a connection that allows the erection crane to achieve alignment during erection such that the entire system can be erected by a ground based personnel.

Various implementations include methods and apparatuses for constructing a concrete structure. In one implementation, a structure includes a pre-cast concrete column section and a pre-cast concrete beam section. The column section includes an embedded first assembly with a threaded rod, and the beam section includes an embedded second assembly defining a channel for receiving the threaded rod. Grout is fed through a joint between the column and beam sections into the second assembly to couple the threaded rod with the second assembly. The grout is urged through the joint and the second assembly by gravity and by applying vacuum suction to a grout port defined by the second assembly. The grout port extends between the channel of the second assembly and an external face of the beam section.

Various implementations include methods and apparatuses for constructing a concrete structure. In one implementation, a structure includes a pre-cast concrete column section and a pre-cast concrete beam section. The column section includes an embedded first assembly with a threaded rod, and the beam section includes an embedded second assembly defining a channel for receiving the threaded rod. Grout is fed through a joint between the column and beam sections into the second assembly to couple the threaded rod with the second assembly. The grout is urged through the joint and the second assembly by gravity and by applying vacuum suction to a grout port defined by the second assembly. The grout port extends between the channel of the second assembly and an external face of the beam section.

An RC lattice beam is provided that can greatly dampen the transfer of vibrations in particular. As the concrete included in the RC lattice beam is polymer concrete that contains a polymer, fine-scale vibrations that may otherwise affect exposure apparatuses may be effectively dampened, while the depth of the conventional lattice beam may be kept the same. Thus, a high-damping RC lattice beam is provided that is capable of maximizing the performance of a precision exposure apparatus by reducing the defect rate and improving productivity.

An RC lattice beam is provided that can greatly dampen the transfer of vibrations in particular. As the concrete included in the RC lattice beam is polymer concrete that contains a polymer, fine-scale vibrations that may otherwise affect exposure apparatuses may be effectively dampened, while the depth of the conventional lattice beam may be kept the same. Thus, a high-damping RC lattice beam is provided that is capable of maximizing the performance of a precision exposure apparatus by reducing the defect rate and improving productivity.